Muaj ntau tus qauv rau kev txheeb xyuas cov ntawv nkauj. Hauv qee qhov, ntau qhov kev saib xyuas tau them rau daim ntawv ntawm nqe, hauv lwm qhov kev qhia ntau yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Qhov tseeb tiag, tsis muaj kev npaj dav dav rau kev txheeb xyuas ib qho lus kwv huam. Txhua yam nws yog nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj tsom xam. Raws li txoj cai, tsev kawm tsom xam yog yooj yim dua kev tshawb fawb hauv tsev kawm. Qhov kev npaj siab ua yog ib qho ntawm kev ua tiav thiab ntau yam. Qee cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub phiaj xwm tuaj yeem hloov lossis thim rov qab.
Cov Lus Qhia
Kauj ruam 1
Cov lus qhia luv luv txog tus neeg sau thiab paj huam.
Tsis tas yuav tsum pleev xim tag nrho cov ntawv sau txog tus neeg sau ntawv - nws txaus los txwv peb tus kheej rau cov lus tseeb uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov paj huam uas tau tshuaj ntsuam. Sau luv luv keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov paj huam: thaum nws tau sau, rau leej twg nws mob siab, nrog cov xwm txheej dab tsi nws txuas nrog, qhov twg nws tau luam tawm thawj zaug, thiab lwm yam.
Kauj ruam 2
Paj huam caj dab
Txiav txim siab hom paj huam. Sau cov yam ntxwv ntawm hom ntawv. Teb cov lus nug: qhov chaw no hom twg nyob hauv tus kws sau paj huam txoj hauj lwm, nws puas yog ib qho zoo rau nws, txoj kev coj dab neeg hauv paj huam yog: romanticism, realism, modernism, thiab lwm yam.
Kauj ruam 3
Kev tsom xam ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab teeb meem ntawm kev sau paj huam
Txheeb xyuas lub ntsiab lus ntawm paj huam: kev hlub, kev ntxub, xwm, kev ywj pheej, thiab lwm yam. Teeb meem - teeb tsa teeb meem tsa hauv paj huam. Nws puas ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub sijhawm? Nws puas cuam tshuam rau theem tam sim no thiab vim li cas.
Kauj ruam 4
Kev tsom xam ntawm daim phiaj thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg
Sau luv luv piav lub ntsiab lus (yog tias muaj). Seb daim phiaj yog hom, archetypal, lossis thawj. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov zajlus lub luag haujlwm li cas? Vim li cas tus kws sau ntawv xaiv zajlus tshwj xeeb no, nws pom zoo li cas hauv cov ncauj lus thiab teeb meem. Qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov paj huam, nws txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov stanza thiab cov zajlus.
Kauj ruam 5
Kev tsom xam ntawm symbology
Pom cov cim hauv cov paj huam thiab piav qhia seb lawv ua si li cas hauv zaj dab neeg thiab zaj dab neeg. Yog tias hauv koj lub tswv yim tsis muaj cov cim, nrhiav cov ntsiab lus thiab piav qhia lawv lub ntsiab lus. Feem ntau, cov ntsiab lus thiab cov cim muaj feem xyuam.
Kauj ruam 6
Cov ntawv nyeem “Kuv”, cov ntsiab lus nkauj, cov duab ntawm tus sau
Muab kev soj ntsuam rau lyric hero, seb daim duab ntawm zaj nkauj lyric yog li cas, cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus kws sau lub suab pom, seb nws nyob tam sim ntawd. Qhov chaw ntawm lyric hero hauv cov cim yeeb yam.
Kauj Ruam 7
Cov cim ntawm cov paj huam
Txiav txim siab qhov loj me, meter ntawm zaj paj huam, lus sib dhos kaw lus, stanza. Puas yog vim li cas tus neeg sau tau hloov chaw nyob rau daim foos no ntawm qhov chaw kom pom tseeb.
Kauj ruam 8
Ntsha
Stylistic txhais tau hais tias ib txwm muaj xws li: tropes (epithets, kev ua piv txwv, kev sib piv, tus kheej, tsis sib luag, hais lus, hais lus siab, thiab lwm yam), cov nuj nqis (epiphora, anaphora, gradation, rov ua dua, parallelism, thiab lwm yam), sau ntawv suab. Nws yuav tsim nyog nyob rau hauv nqe lus no los hais cov lus ntawm ib pawg thematic (piv txwv, rooj tog zaum: rooj zaum, rooj, daim iav hauv Brodsky cov paj huam "Kuv khawm cov lub xub pwg thiab ntsia …"), uas ua lub luag haujlwm loj hauv cov paj huam Cov. Tshawb nrhiav cov ntsiab lus ua ntej thiab cov neologism, piav qhia vim li cas tus neeg sau siv lawv.
Seem no feem ntau yog qhov ntau thiab ntau dua thiab yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo tshaj plaws thaum kev txheeb xyuas. Cov cim qhia kuj tuaj yeem muab rau ntawm no, "khi" nws rau ntawm cov khoom siv stylistic.
Kauj Ruam 9
Koj txoj kev xav rau qhov koj nyeem
Koj yuav tsum muab koj tus kheej kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov paj huam. Tsuas yog tsis txo txhua yam mus rau txheej thaum ub "zoo li nws lossis tsis." Koj cov lus xaus yuav tsum yog cov kev hais plaub (cov no yog koj tus yam ntxwv) thiab nyob rau tib lub sijhawm zoo. Nws yog qhov zoo yog tias koj coj txoj haujlwm lub hom phiaj thiab pom zoo sib npaug ntawm qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm paj huam.
