Kev nplua mias ntawm cov menyuam yaus cov ntawv xov xwm tso cai rau koj los xaiv cov ntawv tshaj tawm rau txhua qhov saj thiab nyiaj txiag. Txawm li cas los xij, cov menyuam yaus cov ntawv teev tseg tsuas tshwm sim tsuas yog peb caug xyoo dhau los, thiab nws cov canons niaj hnub tsim tau txawm tias tom qab.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov menyuam yaus cov ntawv sau
Txog rau 17 xyoo pua, cov menyuam yaus cov ntawv sau ua lus taw qhia tsis muaj nyob. Hauv zej zog, nws ntseeg tias qhov ncauj ntawm pog yawg thiab niam tais yog qhov txaus rau menyuam yaus, thiab thaum hnub nyoog loj dua lawv tsis xav tau kev lom zem ntxiv. Qhov tseeb, thawj tus menyuam phau ntawv yog phau ntawv "Lub Ntiaj Teb ntawm Qhov Muaj Peev Xwm Hauv Cov Duab", sau los ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv Jan Amos Komensky. Tsis zoo li lwm cov ntawv tshaj tawm kev kawm, qhov haujlwm no tau sau rau hauv qhov muaj cus ciav, muaj cov lus piv txwv thiab muaj duab zoo heev. Yog tias peb tham txog cov lus dab neeg, tom qab ntawd ib tug ntawm cov neeg pioneer hauv cheeb tsam no yog tus kws sau ntawv Fabkis tus kws sau ntawv Charles Perrault. Nws sau ntau tus pej xeem cov lus dab neeg thiab muab lawv hloov mus ua me nyuam yaus cov lus dab neeg, tshem cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg thiab ua rau cov lus muaj xim zoo nkauj dua.
Thawj cov me nyuam ntawv xov xwm
Thawj cov me nyuam ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm tau luam tawm nyob hauv Tebchaws Yelemees xyoo 1772. Nws tau hu ua Leipzig nplooj ntawv txhua lub limtiam thiab tau luam tawm los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb kev txawj ntse thiab tus kws qhia IK Adelung. Cov ntawv tshaj tawm tau npaj los qhia cov tub ntxhais hluas nyeem ntawv thiab ntxiv dag zog rau lawv txoj kev nco qab. Tsis ntev tom qab, lwm cov menyuam yaus cov ntawv xov xwm tau tshwm sim - Asmeskas "Tub Tub Tus Phooj Ywg", Tebchaws Askiv "Tub Tub Cov Ntawv Lees" thiab lwm tus. Kuj, ntau phau ntawv xov xwm kev cai dab qhuas tau tshwm sim, tsim los qhia txog kev coj ncaj ncees ntawm menyuam yaus, - "Tus phooj ywg German ntawm Cov Menyuam", "The Journal of Catholic Youth", thiab lwm yam.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov menyuam yaus cov ntawv xov xwm hauv tebchaws Russia
Xyoo 1785, thawj phau ntawv xov xwm Lavxias rau menyuam yaus, "Cov menyuam yaus nyeem rau lub siab thiab lub siab", tau luam tawm. Nws cov ntawv xov xwm yog tus paub zoo txog N. Novikov, uas tseem tau luam tawm cov ntawv xov xwm St. Petersburg Cov Kws Tshawb Fawb Vedomosti, Truten, Pustomelya thiab lwm tus. Pawg thawj coj xov xwm "Me Nyuam Nyeem Ntawv" suav nrog cov kws sau ntawv muaj suab npe, piv txwv li Karamzin. Cov ntawv xov xwm tau npaj tseg txhawm rau qhia cov menyuam yaus, qhia lawv txog kev ua neeg, kev ua neeg zoo thiab cov cai ntawm kev coj ncaj ncees. Cov ntawv tshaj tawm luam tawm cov ntawv pov thawj scientific, kev xav, cov dab neeg luv luv, cov lus dab neeg thiab tso dag. Txawm li cas los xij, Menyuam Txoj Kev Nyeem Ntawv tseem tsis tau yog ib tsab ntawv xov xwm ywj pheej. Nws tau luam tawm ua ib feem ntawm phau ntawv xov xwm Moskovskie Vedomosti. Los ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, cais cov me nyuam ib ntu pib tshwm sim - cov ntawv xov xwm "Phooj Ywg Cov Menyuam", "Kab", "Solnyshko", "Interlocutor", "Kev Lag Luam thiab Kev Lom Zem". Cov ntawv tshaj tawm no tseem muaj me ntsis zoo sib xws rau cov menyuam yaus cov ntawv xov xwm niaj hnub no - lawv tsis muaj duab zoo nkauj thiab cov khoom siv lom ze, thiab cov ntsiab lus muaj cov khoom siv tsis tseem ceeb. Thawj qhov kev lom zem rau cov menyuam yaus pib tshwm tsuas yog pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th.
