Txhais los ntawm lus Italian, lo lus "libretto" txhais tau tias "phau ntawv". Txawm li cas los xij, libretto tsis yog kev ywj pheej ntawm kev sau ntawv, vim nws ncaj qha ntsig txog kev ua haujlwm suab paj nruas nyob rau theem thiab yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv sau raws li qhov kev nqis tes ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, neeg dhia tes, operetta lossis suab paj nruas tsim.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm libretto hauv kev ua haujlwm rau kev ua yeeb yam suab paj nruag ntawm 18-19 centuries
Txog thaum nruab nrab ntawm xyoo 18th, ua yeeb yam thiab ua cov neeg seev cev tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm qee yam txheej txheem. Yog li no, ntau tus kws sau ntawv, tsim lawv cov haujlwm, tuaj yeem siv tib lub libretto. Tsuas yog nyob hauv lub sijhawm thib ob ntawm 18 xyoo pua tau ua txoj haujlwm ntawm kev ywj pheej tshwm sim. Nws tau tsim kho mus rau tus kws tshaj lij uas tau ua haujlwm nrog tus kws sau ntawv thiab sau thawj daim phiaj rau nws txoj haujlwm. Nws tau ntsib ib txoj haujlwm nyuaj - los sib sau paj huam, nkauj thiab kev ua ntawm cov cim. Cov masters zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua yeeb yam yog, tshwj xeeb, Ranieri de Calzabigi - tus sau ntawm libretto ntawm Gluck tus neeg ua yeeb yam Orpheus thiab Eurydice - thiab Lorenzo da Ponte, uas koom tes nrog Mozart nws tus kheej ntawm cov haujlwm zoo li Don Giovanni thiab Kev Sib Yuav ntawm Figaro Cov.
Nyob rau lub xyoo pua puv 19, cov kws sau ntawv tsis tau xav txog nkag mus rau hauv kev sib tw ua haujlwm nrog libretto sau ntawv. Ib txhia ntawm lawv, piv txwv li, Richard Wagner thiab Alexander Nikolaevich Serov, lawv tus kheej tsim libretto rau lawv cov haujlwm. Cov ntaub ntawv sau txog keeb kwm ua lub hauv paus ntawm ntau cov kev ua haujlwm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov phiaj xwm nto moo tau muab txhais ua raws li cov cai ntawm cov ntawv nyeem. Ntawm no ib qho tuaj yeem nco qab Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky txoj kev ua yeeb yam "Tus Poj Huab tais ntawm Spades", libretto rau qhov uas tau sau los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv tus kwv tij, tus kws tshaj lij kev ua yeeb yam thiab tus kws ua yeeb yam Modest Ilyich Tchaikovsky.
Libretto hauv operetta thiab suab paj nruas
Hauv qhov thib ob ib nrab ntawm xyoo pua puv 19, ib hom tshiab ntawm kev ua yeeb yam suab paj nruas tau yug los rau hauv Fabkis - operetta. Cov hauj lwm ntawm nws cov neeg txawj ntse tsim Jacques Offenbach "Orpheus hauv ntuj raug txim", "Zoo nkauj Helena", "The Grand Duchess of Gerolstein", "Pericola", thiab lwm yam. yog sau raws li tiag tiag thiab witty librettos. Lawv feem ntau tau sau los ntawm cov kws txawj tsim yeeb yaj kiab Henri Meljac thiab Ludovic Halevy. Cov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm classical Viennese operetta - "Tus Bat" los ntawm Johann Strauss thiab "Tus Poj Niam Zoo Siab" los ntawm Ferenc Lehár kuj tau sau raws li lawv cov haujlwm. Lub libretto ntawm ib qho ntawm feem kev ua yeeb yaj kiab zoo tshaj plaws - "Carmen" los ntawm Georges Bizet belongs rau peru ntawm Melyac thiab Halevy.
Tej zaum qhov nrov tshaj plaws ntawm hom suab paj nruas ua yeeb yam yog Asmeskas-yug ua suab paj nruag. Qhov zoo ntawm cov ntawv nyeem tau ua rau ntau qhov tseem ceeb hauv nws dua li hauv operetta. Vim li no, cov npe ntawm librettists feem ntau tshwm sim nyob ib sab ntawm cov npe ntawm cov kws tsim tawm hauv lawv. Tej zaum qhov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib koom tes tsim muaj txiaj ntsig yog Richard Rogers thiab Oscar Hammerstein, uas tsim cov suab paj nruag nto moo xws li Oklahoma !, Tus Vaj Ntxwv thiab Kuv, thiab Lub Suab Nkauj.
