Thomas Samuel Kuhn yog ib qho kev xav ntawm cov neeg Asmeskas lub laj lim tswv yim thiab keeb kwm ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. Nws cov haujlwm tshaj plaws, Cov Qauv Txheej Txheem Tshawb Pom Kev Tshawb Fawb, yog phau ntawv tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm Asmeskas kev tshawb fawb.
Biography
Tus kws txawj xav yav tom ntej tau yug los rau lub Xya Hli 18, 1922 hauv tsev neeg Yudais hauv Cincinnati (Tebchaws Asmeskas, Ohio). Thaum nws muaj 6 lub hlis, tsev neeg tsiv mus rau New York. Kuhn txiv, Xamuyees, yog Harvard thiab MIT kawm tiav thiab yog tus kws tshaj lij hydraulic tshuab. Minette Struk, tus kws tshawb fawb muaj suab npe leej niam, nws yog tus sau ntawv.
Hauj lwm
Hauv xyoo 1943, Thomas Kuhn, zoo li nws txiv, tau kawm tiav qib siab hauv Harvard hauv lub cev. Xyoo 1949 nws tau tiv thaiv nws cov lus qhia tshaj tawm ntawm no. Tom qab ua tiav nws txoj kev tshawb fawb, cov tub ntxhais hluas Thomas tau ua haujlwm nrog radars ntawm Harvard Research Laboratory. Thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Thib Ob, nws yog tus neeg ua haujlwm dog dig nyob hauv Bureau of Research and Development.
Txij li xyoo 1948, Thomas Kuhn tau nyob hauv txoj kev qhia me me xwb. Nws pib qhia keeb kwm ntawm kev tshawb fawb rau Harvard cov tub ntxhais kawm raws li kev thov tus kheej los ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm tsev kawm ntawv. Kuhn ua haujlwm ntawm no mus txog xyoo 1956. Tom qab ntawd, Kuhn tau tsiv mus rau California Massachusetts Lub Tsev Haujlwm Txuj Ci (Technology), tau nce mus ua tus xibfwb. Nws tseem qhia kev ntseeg ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv Princeton. Txog rau xyoo 1991, Thomas Kuhn tau mob siab rau kev qhia ntawv, mus tib yam li nws luam tawm phau ntawv, ua haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej lub tswv yim kev xav. Nws so haujlwm xyoo 1991.
Nto moo ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb
Xyoo 1957, Copernican Kev Tshawb Fawb tau luam tawm nrog lub suab nrov nrov ntawm kev rov hais dua tias lub ntiaj teb nyob hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub hnub ci.
Xyoo 1962 th - "Tus qauv ntawm scientific tig." Kuhn qhia txog lub tswv yim tshiab - "kev hloov chaw paradigm". Raws li qhov chaw "Lub Sij Hawm Lub Sijhawm Sau Ntxiv", qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws txij li Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob.
Xyoo 1977 - Phau ntawv "Qhov tseem ceeb nruj". Nws yog ib phau ntawm Kuhn lub ntsiab lus sau tawm lub tswv yim.
1988 - ib qho txiaj ntsig ntawm keeb kwm lub ntsiab lus "Lub cev dub kev tshawb xav …" tau luam tawm.
Ntawm qhov ua tiav ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb - muaj koob npe Guggenheim cov nyiaj pabcuam, George Sarton cov khoom plig, cov koob npe nrov hauv ntau lub tsev kawm qib siab. Tus kws tshawb fawb tseem tau ua haujlwm pab pawg sawv cev ntawm National Academy of Sciences, American Philosophical Society thiab lwm lub zej zog kev tshawb fawb nyob hauv Tebchaws Meskas.
Tus kheej lub neej
Thomas Kuhn tau sib yuav ob zaug. Nws thawj tus txiv hlub yog Katerina Mus. Nkawm niam txiv muaj cov me nyuam peb. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau nkag mus rau hauv kev sib yuav thib ob nrog Gian Barton, lawv tsis muaj menyuam.
Xyoo 1994, tus kws tshawb fawb tau kuaj pom muaj mob qog ua hlav. Kuhn tau txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm rau lub laj foos xav txog kev hloov pauv kev nkag siab ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab lub tswvyim ntawm kev nrhav. Tus kws txawj ntaub ntawv tsis muaj lub sijhawm kom tiav nws txoj haujlwm, phau ntawv tsis raug tshaj tawm. Thomas Kuhn tuag hauv tebchaws Cambridge thaum nws muaj hnub nyoog 73 (1996).
