Zinaida Alexandrova - Tus txhais lus Lavxias thiab Soviet, kws sau paj lug. Cov ntawv sau paj huam rau cov menyuam yaus nqa nws lub koob meej. Tus kws sau ntawv ua haujlwm tau suav nrog hauv cov ntawv kawm hauv tsev kawm. Nyob rau ntawm cov paj lug ntawm cov kws paj lug, cov nkauj "Nws yog txias rau me ntsis Christmas tsob ntoo hauv lub caij ntuj no" thiab "Dawb capless" tau sau.
Raws li ib tug menyuam yaus, Zinaida Nikolaevna Aleksandrova siv sijhawm ntev heev nrog nws tus pog Karelian. Lub caij ntuj no yav tsaus ntuj, puv nrog mloog cov nkauj thiab cov lus hais tawm, cuam tshuam tus tsim ntawm tus cwm pwm ntawm yav tom ntej poetess.
Nrhiav ib txoj hauj lwm
Tus menyuam yug los hauv St. Petersburg. Lub taub hau ntawm tsev neeg tau qhia txog physics hauv lub tsev kawm plaub-xyoo, leej niam ua haujlwm ua tus pabcuam pabcuam. Cov kev tshoov siab thaum yau los ua lub zog ntawm kev sau thawj cov ntawv sau cia. Tom qab nws niam nws txiv tuag tas rau xyoo 1918, tus ntxhais tuag rau lub chaw tu menyuam ntsuag. Tom qab ntawd nws pib sau paj huam.
Thaum xub thawj, cov no yog cov kev sim ua paj nruag rau cov ntawv xov xwm ntsa, paj huam hais txog xwm. Cov kws qhia ntawv tsis pom zoo kom sau cov lus sib hlub. Ntau txoj hauv kev, kev ua haujlwm ntawm Nekrasov thiab Mayakovsky tau cuam tshuam rau Alexandrova txoj haujlwm. Tom qab qhov kawg ntawm xya xyoo ntawd, cov kws sau paj lug pib ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab kiv. Tsis pub dhau Zinaida, nws cov paj huam raug xa mus rau tom chav haujlwm editor ntawm Neeg Ua Haujlwm thiab Peasants.
Cov haujlwm tau pom. Tus kws sau raug caw mus xam phaj. Tsis ntev, Zinaida Nikolaevna tau raug xa mus ncig ua lag luam kom tau txais kev kawm ntawm lub tsev kawm txuj kev luam ntawv. Aleksandrova ua haujlwm rau cov ntawv xov xwm "Txoj Kev ntawm Cov Hluas" thiab cov ntawv xov xwm "Iskorka". Tsis ntev, nws tau tsiv mus rau Moscow. Alexandrova raug xa tawm mus ua haujlwm hauv cov menyuam yaus phau ntawv hloov kho chaw haujlwm ntawm Molodaya Gvardiya.
Xyoo 1928 nws thawj zaug kev sau "Lub Hoobkas Nkauj" thiab "Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj" tau luam tawm. Tus kws sau paj lug tau sau cov lus sau rau cov menyuam yaus rau thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1932. Cov phau ntawv "Cua ntawm tus dej" los ua nws qhov kev hais lus tshaj tawm. Nws tau hais txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus kws sau ntawv ua haujlwm. Cov nqe lus sib xyaw nrog kev ua si suav cov lus sib dhos, tso dag. Lub sijhawm ua si tsis yog tsuas yog kev sib dhos xwb, tab sis kuj yog qhov ua qauv zoo li lub cev. Cov kws kos paj huam txoj kev nyiam yog tus coj los ntsuas rau nkauj.
Ua haujlwm rau menyuam yaus
Cov ntawv sau kawg "Phau Ntawv Teev Npe ntawm Zaj Nkauj" hais rau cov neeg laus tau tawm hauv xyoo 1934. Txij li lub sijhawm ntawd, tsuas yog cov menyuam yaus cov ntsiab lus muaj rau tus sau. Cov lus qhia pib, ua haujlwm hauv xov tooj cua, hauv kev tshaj tawm suab paj nruag. Zinaida Nikolaevna koom tes nrog tsim filmstrips. Nws tau luam tawm phau ntawv ntawm lub couplets rau qhov tsawg tshaj plaws "Peb chaw zov me nyuam". Hauv cov ntawv sau, cov xwm txheej ntawm yav nruab hnub yog qhia ua ntu zus.
Tus neeg sau ntawv tshawb xyuas txhua lo lus hauv hoob zov cov menyuam yaus kom pom lawv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov menyuam yaus nyiam cov paj huam ntau heev uas lawv tau muab txhais ua 16 yam lus. Alexandrova cov haujlwm yog qhov txawv los ntawm cov lus sib dhos, lub ntsej muag, cov lus tshwj xeeb, thaj chaw ntawm kev sib piv.
Kev txais tos ntawm kev thim rov qab yog tsim rau cov menyuam yaus, ua rau nws yooj yim kom nco nqe lus thiab hais txog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Txhua qhov kev sib piv yog tshwj xeeb thiab xav. Tus kws sau paj lug ntseeg tias cov menyuam cov paj huam xav tau yooj yim yam tsis tas yuav pab cawm lawv li. Cov nkauj hais txog cov menyuam yaus koom rau hauv kev kawm ntawm cov kev xav ntawm cov neeg laus nyeem.
Txhua qhov chaw ua haujlwm yog qhov txawv los ntawm cov kev xav dhau los. Thawj thawj zaug, lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev nyob ua ke ntawm xwm thiab tib neeg, tsa los ntawm cov kws sau paj lug, suab tshwj xeeb tshaj tawm hauv Alexandrova txoj haujlwm. Tus neeg sau ua tiav qhov kev xav zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev ua yeeb yam paj huam los ntawm cov xwm, xws li "Snowdrop" lossis "Dandelion".
Kab Npauj Laim Hais
Xim yog kos rau qhov kev paub txog tus nqi ntawm cov haujlwm. Tus kws sau paj lug nthuav qhia cov tub ntxhais hluas nyeem rau lub neej ntawm lub teb chaws. Nws tau mus rau Michurin hauv Kozlov, tau mus xyuas Karelia thiab Odessa, Artek. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kawg mus ncig ua si yog kev voj voog ntawm cov nkauj, phau ntawv "Artek", ib zaj paj huam "Charita". Hauv lub xyoo ua ntej tsov rog, "Nyob Zoo" thiab "Dozor" tau luam tawm.
Muaj ib qho chaw nyob hauv kws sau paj lug cov lus rau cov neeg nyiam lub neej. Aleksandrova succinctly thiab succinctly qhia txog kev tuag ntawm Chapaev, tsim kev lom zem nrog cov duab ntawm Ural River. Nws khiav thoob plaws ib daim zuj zus raws li kev caiv. Lub paj huam tsis tau tso ib qho kev nyeem ntawv tsis nco qab ib qho.
Ntawm kev sib tw, muaj pes tsawg leeg "Nkauj Hnub Chapaev" tau txais qhov khoom plig tseem ceeb. Tom qab, ib qho kev sib tw tau tshaj tawm los sau cov nkauj rau cov paj huam zoo. Kev ua haujlwm tau coj mus rau kev nthuav dav ntxiv ntawm cov tub rog lub ntsiab lus. Cov paj huam "Nws txias rau me ntsis Christmas ntoo hauv lub caij ntuj no" tau dhau los ua cov menyuam yaus lub npe Xyoo Tshiab. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, zaj nkauj yog "Caas Dawb".
Paj huam thiab txhais lus
Thaum Lub Caij Ua Rog Loj Patriotic, tus kws sau paj huam tsim cov paj huam tshiab hauv kev khiav tawm hauv Chistopol, qhov chaw nws nyob nrog nws tus tub. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov menyuam yaus cov nkauj yog qhov sau "An Island ntawm Kama", tsim nyob rau xyoo 1944. Nws qhia txog lub neej ntawm cov menyuam yaus hauv kev khiav tawm. Phau ntawv sau ntawm "Farewell" thiab "Son" piav qhia txog leej niam ntawm kev xav nrog nws tus menyuam.
Nyob rau hauv peacetime, Zinaida Nikolaevna ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv Commission rau menyuam yaus cov ntawv sau ntawm USSR Cov Neeg Sau Ntawv Koom Tes, hauv Murzilka magazine. Coob tus menyuam cov paj huam tau sau tom qab kev ua rog. Cov teeb tau tawm hauv xyoo 1951 hauv kev sau "Paj Huam", luam tawm los ntawm Detgiz. Cov lus tso cai qhia pom cov menyuam yaus pab cov laus, ua neeg phem, muaj kev lom zem, tsis zoo, tu siab. Lawv ntxim nyiam rau cov nyeem.
Yog li, hauv kev ua haujlwm "Tus Txiv Neej Txaus Luag Siab" tus kws sau ntawv lub teeb nrig tsis pom kev zoo, cov menyuam yaus lub ntsej muag nrog lub luag nyav yog piav. Olya los ntawm Topotushek, tus xeeb ceem me me, tau pom tias yog menyuam yaus tseem muaj txoj sia nyob. Cov paj huam ntse fuses lyrical thiab playful pib.
Qhia cov kev ua si, qhuas rau tus menyuam, tus cwj pwm laus rau nws. Cov nkauj hloov mus rau hauv ib hom kev suav ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev muaj tswv yim. Txhais ua lus Lavxias "Yasochkina phau ntawv" los ntawm Natalia Zabila, Turkmen "Dab Neeg ntawm Yarty-Gulak".
Ua ke nrog Tudorovsky, Alexandrova ua qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho menyuam mos. Nws hais ntxiv qhov tseeb hais txog lub neej ntawm Turkmen, nws lub teb chaws keeb kwm, suav rau tus nyeem ntawv hluas. Ntau tshaj li kaum ob phau ntawv ntawm cov kws sau paj lug raug luam tawm thaum nws lub neej. Nws tau tas sim neej thaum xyoo 1983.
