Leej Twg Yog Dmitry Donskoy

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Leej Twg Yog Dmitry Donskoy
Leej Twg Yog Dmitry Donskoy

Video: Leej Twg Yog Dmitry Donskoy

Video: Leej Twg Yog Dmitry Donskoy
Video: Yog kuv tuag lawm leej twg nrog koj nyob 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Tus poj huab tais Moscow thiab Vladimir Prince Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy yog tus paub txog keeb kwm zoo uas tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm ntiaj teb. Tub huab tais Dmitry Donskoy yog Ivan II tus tub liab thiab poj huab tais Alexandra Ivanovna thiab yog pawg neeg kaum tsib ntawm Rurikovichs.

Leej twg yog Dmitry Donskoy
Leej twg yog Dmitry Donskoy

Yawg hlob Duke yug rau hauv Moscow thaum Lub Kaum Hli 12, 1350. Thaum Ivan II Krasny tuag xyoo 1359, Thaj Chaw Alexy tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm tus thawj xibfwb Moscow, tshaj tawm ua tus saib xyuas ntawm tus tub huabtais hluas.

Cov lus qhia ntawm Metropolitan - tus txiv neej ntawm kev txawj ntse thiab tus cwj pwm zoo, uas tau siv nws txoj cai los mus ua kom qhov kev tshaj lij ntawm Moscow nyob rau North-Eastern Russia - tau pab Dmitry Donskoy mus txuas ntxiv txoj cai ntawm kev sib sau ntawm Lavxias thaj av ib ncig ntawm Moscow. Txoj cai no tau ua raws li nws txiv thiab nws yawg - kuj tseem ceeb tshaj plaws keeb kwm duab Ivan Kalita.

Lub hnub nyoog kaum ib xyoos tub huab tais Dmitry Donskoy tau tawm tsam rau txoj cai nrog tus thawj coj ntawm kev sib tw - Ryazan, Tver thiab Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod ntev.

Dav

Xyoo 1363, vim tias muaj kev tawm tsam ntev heev rau tus thawj xibfwb, Dmitry Donskoy tau txais txoj cai suav hais tias yog Grand Duke ntawm nws tus kheej. Ntxiv dag zog rau txoj haujlwm ntawm Moscow tau pab los ntawm huab tais tus txiv txoj kev sib yuav rau Suzdal tus ntxhais huab tais Evdokia Dmitrievna. Raws li, tib lub sijhawm, tus ntxhais huab tais leej txiv tau tso nws lub siab xav tswj hwm Vladimir hauv kev pom zoo ntawm Moscow.

Thawj lub pob zeb dawb-dawb hauv Kremlin nyob hauv Lavxias tau tshwm sim ua tsaug rau kev txiav txim ntawm Dmitry hauv 1367. Nws yog ib tug muaj zog tiv thaiv fortress tawm tsam yeeb ncuab princes. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub rooj vag ntawm Kremlin tau ib txwm qhib siab rau Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Hauv Khan, los ntawm leej twg Dmitry Donskoy nyiam yuav cov khoom plig kim.

Nws yog lub pob zeb dawb-Kremlin uas tau pab tiv thaiv Moscow thiab tiv thaiv txoj kev kav teb kav tebchaws Lithuanian tus yawg Olgerd, uas xyoo 1367 tau tua yeej Moscow cov tub rog ntawm tus Dej Trosna. Xyoo 1369, Tub Vaj Ntxwv Donskoy tus kheej tau mus nrog cov tub rog mus rau Smolensk thiab Bryansk qhov chaw loj, uas yog Olgerd, thiab kov yeej lawv. Tus Grand Duke tau txais kev txhawb nqa, ntxiv, los ntawm Metropolitan Alexy.

Thaum xyoo 1377 Horde tub huab tais Arab-Shah tau tawm tsam Suzdal tus thawj xibfwb, qhov twg Dmitry Donskoy tus txiv-tub huab tais yog tus kav, Grand Duke, thawj ntawm Lavxias tus thawj tswj hwm, tau pib qhib kev tawm tsam nrog Horde. Tab sis lub sijhawm no Moscow cov tub rog ua tsis tiav: raws li cov lus dab neeg, "tub rog" tub rog Lavxias tsis xav tias yuav muaj kev tawm tsam thiab raug swb los ntawm Horde pab tub rog. Yog li ntawd, tus dej, nyob ntawm ntug dej uas cov chaw pw hav zoov ntawm Moscow tus tub rog tau nyob, tau txais lub npe "Piani River".

Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1378, kev cais tawm ntawm cov tub rog, tau hais los ntawm Dmitry Donskoy tus kheej, yeej ib qho kev ua txhaum ntawm Horde ntawm Vozha River. Qhov kev yeej no yog thawj lub yeej ntawm Lavxias pab tub rog hla Horde thiab muab yeeb koob rau tus tswv xeev Daniel Pronsky thiab Timofey Velyaminov.

Yawg Pog Duke Dmitry tau txais lub npe menyuam yaus "Donskoy" tom qab tua yeej Horde pab tub rog thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 8, 1380 hauv Kulikovo Tsov Rog, uas nthuav dav ntawm Nepryadva thiab Don ntws.

Lub koob npe nrov ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Dmitry Donskoy hauv Kev Ua Rog Kulikovo tau tso cai rau Moscow tsis them se rau cov neeg kov yeej tau ob xyoos (txog thaum tua lub nroog hauv 1382 los ntawm Khan Tokhtamysh).

Tshaj li peb caug xyoo ntawm nws txoj kev kav teb chaws, Dmitry Donskoy tau los ua tus paub txog kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam cov horde hauv tebchaws Lavxias thiab tus sau cov av ntawm Lavxias. Cov cheeb tsam ntawm Moscow tus thawj saib xyuas tsev kawm tau nce ntau. Tub huabtais Dmitry tswj kev sib raug zoo nrog Orthodox Byzantium thiab nrhiav kev lees paub txog kev ywj pheej ntawm Lavxias Orthodox Church los ntawm Constantinople.

Ntxiv nrog rau pob zeb dawb-pob zeb Kremlin, tus tub huabtais tau tsim tsa fortress-monasteries. Nyuam qhuav pib dua li lwm qhov hauv paus tsev kawm ntawv, minting ntawm cov nyiaj npib tau qhia hauv Moscow.

Tsev neeg thiab tus kheej

Yawg Nom Tswv Dmitry Donskoy muaj 12 tus me nyuam (4 tus ntxhais thiab 8 leej tub). Hauv nws txoj kev nyiam, tus tub huabtais muab txoj cai rau nws tus tub hlob Vasily. Nws yog nyob rau hauv Grand Duke uas lub zog pib hloov "ntawm txoj kab" - los ntawm leej txiv mus rau tus tub hlob. Nws kuj tseem hais rau txhua tus menyuam mloog lawv niam, Evdokia Dmitrievna, nyob hauv txhua yam.

Tus tub huab tais tau tag sim neej thaum lub Tsib Hlis 19, 1389. Nws muab coj mus faus rau hauv Kremlin's Archangel Cathedral. Lub Rau Hli 1 (Tsib Hlis 19, qub qauv) - hnub nco txog ntawm Dmitry Donskoy, canonized.

Raws li kev sau ua ke ntawm "Lub Neej", tus tub huab tais muaj "kev xav tsis thoob" thiab nws yog "zoo meej hauv lub siab", muaj zog, siab, hnyav thiab lub dav. Raws li nws lub caij nyoog, Grand Duke yog tus txiv neej ntawm tus cwj pwm nyuaj, txawv los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm kev ua siab loj thiab tsis paub meej, kev ua siab loj thiab npaj rov mus, tsis muaj txim thiab dag. Nws sab ntsuj plig dawb huv thiab maj, tab sis nws tsis txawv ntawm kev kawm.

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