Tus nyeem ntawv yog hom tshwj xeeb ntawm phau ntawv tshaj tawm, raws li txoj cai, siv los ua cov ntawv sau ntxiv nrog rau cov phau ntawv tseem ceeb rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv hauv tsev kawm lossis phau ntawv qhia rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm cov tsev kawm qib siab.
Tus nyeem ntawv yog phau ntawv nthuav tawm uas feem ntau ua haujlwm ua phau ntawv nyeem.
Nyeem Ntawv
Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lo lus "nyeem" yog txuas nrog nws cov keeb kwm Greek: nws yog tsim los ntawm ob lo lus, thawj ntawm txhais tau tias "siv" lossis "siv", thiab lub thib ob txhais tau tias "kawm". Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tias ib lub sijhawm tau tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm ob lub hauv paus no twb muaj nyob hauv Ancient Tim Nkij teb chaws, thiab nws tau pauv mus rau Lavxias lus hauv daim ntawv yuav luag tsis hloov, tab sis ntau xyoo tom qab. Yog li, hauv tebchaws Greece, cov ntawv sau sau cov qauv sau ntawv, tsim nyob rau xyoo pua 4 AD, thawj zaug hu ua anthology, thaum nyob hauv tebchaws Russia thawj anthology tshwm sim puag ncig xyoo 1900.
Niaj hnub no, nyob hauv tebchaws Russia, lo lus "nyeem ntawv" feem ntau txhais tau tias yog sau los ntawm cov ntawv me me lossis sau los ntawm cov ntawv loj dua, koom ua ke los ntawm qee lub ntsiab lus. Feem ntau, cov thooj li no nrog cov lus los ntawm cov neeg kho kom haum cov ntawv tshaj tawm, uas piav qhia cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb uas siv hauv cov ntawv, nrog rau piav qhia txog cov xwm txheej rau lawv cov kev tsim, muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov sau thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv uas ua rau tus nyeem nkag siab zoo lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov tawg tsam muab nyob rau hauv cov anthology.
Teem sijhawm los ntawm kev nyeem ntawv
Lub hauv paus loj ntawm kev thov ntawm cov ntawv nyeem xws li nyeem ntawv yog kev kawm kev ua si. Yog li, cov ntawv sau rau hauv nws feem ntau yog siv los ua ntxiv rau cov khoom siv didactic thiab txheej txheem uas siv hauv cov txheej txheem los qhia cov menyuam hauv tsev kawm lossis cov tub ntxhais kawm. Qhov no, nyeg, tso cai rau lawv los muab lawv cov duab ua tiav ntawm cov kev kawm uas tau kawm, nthuav lawv cov kab rov tav dav dav, thiab tseem muab cov khoom kawm tshawb xyuas tau rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev kawm. Feem ntau, anthologies tau siv los ua cov khoom siv qhia ntxiv hauv cov kawm qib siab ntawm cov tsev kawm theem siab thiab hauv cov tsev kawm qib siab.
Kev siv cov ntawv nyeem nyeem tau dav nyob rau ntau qhov ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm kev kawm, piv txwv li, hauv ntaub ntawv, kev kawm txog kev sib raug zoo, kev kawm thiab lwm yam haujlwm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hauv lub moj khaum ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kawm, qee lwm hom kev tshaj tawm kev kawm txuj ci qee zaum siv, uas zoo sib xws rau cov nyeem. Piv txwv li, cov ntawv nyeem phau ntawv nyeem tuaj yeem coj ua qhov no. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho kev tsim ua qauv zoo sib xws yog siv nyob rau hauv kev tso ua ke ntawm ntau cov ntawv tshaj tawm, piv txwv li, sau cov ntaub ntawv lossis cov cai tswj hwm kev cai lij choj uas tau siv dav hauv kev hais lus hauv cheeb tsam.
