Lub cim tsim ua yeeb yam ntawm Moscow Kremlin raug lees paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb vim nws cov xwm txheej zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov duab qub. Phab ntsa liab loj heev nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab ntau tus yees, siab thiab qis, thiab thiab dav, tab sis txhua qhov zoo nkauj hauv lawv tus kheej txoj kev, ua rau cov tsos ntawm Kremlin nco tau.
Moscow tsis tau txhim tsa hauv ib hnub
Hauv cov laus hnub, Kremlin raug hu ua lub nroog tiv thaiv los ntawm phab ntsa fortress thiab cov yees nrog cov loopholes. Lub npe no los ntawm lo lus "kremlevnik" - hav zoov coniferous nrog muaj zog, cov ntoo loj haum rau kev tsim kho. Thawj ntoo kremlin raug tsim los ntawm cov ntoo zoo li no. Tseem muaj ntoo Kremlin hauv Moscow, tab sis xyoo 1365 nws tau hlawv rau hauv av, thiab tom qab no nws tau txiav txim siab los txhim kho cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv tsuas yog pob zeb.
Ob xyoos tom qab, lub pob zeb dawb Kremlin loj hlob ntawm thaj chaw ntawm cov tshauv, uas yog vim li cas Moscow pib hu ua pob zeb dawb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws kuj tsis tau sawv twv ntawm lub sijhawm thiab kev tsov rog. Qhov kawg ntawm 15th-pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 16, nyob rau tib qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm tus Moskva River thiab Neglinnaya Dej, ib lub Kremlin thib peb tau tsa - ua los ntawm liab cib.
Kremlin yees - muaj pes tsawg thiab lawv yog dab tsi
Xeeb tub thiab embodied nyob rau hauv pob zeb raws li lub chaw pov hwm tub rog, lub nroog Moscow Kremlin tau zoo tiv thaiv los ntawm cov tsev siab siab uas qhov hluav taws kub tiv thaiv tuaj yeem tua tau. Muaj 20 lub yees nyob rau hauv tag nrho hauv Kremlin, ua rau lub sijhawm sib txawv, tab sis hauv tib lub qauv.
Tag nrho cov pej thuam yog tsim hauv cov qauv kos duab ntawm Italian classicism, tsuas yog ua rau Nikolskaya pej thuam. Nws tau rov tsim dua thaum xyoo pua 19 hauv Gothic style.
Thaum pib, tag nrho cov yees tau ntawm kev tseem ceeb ntawm tub rog thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws, thiab cov tsev zoo nkauj thiab tsev pheebsuab tau tsim thaum cov yeeb ncuab nres kev ua phem rau Lavxias lub peev.
Ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm qhov loj loj ntawm lub fortress muaj ntau lub voj voos loj heev - Beklemishevskaya, Vodovzvodnaya thiab Angular Arsenalnaya. Lub zog ntawm cov yees no tau hais tias yuav tsum tiv taus qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm tus yeeb ncuab, thiab lub cev puag ncig ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tua tau ib puag ncig. Pej thuam Beklemishevskaya yog thawj tus coj los tsoo lub sijhawm tawg, raws li nws tau nyob ntawm qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm Moskva River nrog moat. Ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm tus pej thuam, qhov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv raug teeb tsa kom tiv thaiv tau qhov ua tsis tau. Hauv Vodovzvodnaya Tower, thawj zaug hauv Lavxias dej twj tso kua mis tau tsim los muab dej los ntawm Moskva Tus Dej mus rau Kremlin. Arsenal Tower yog ib ntawm xya lub tsev tsim tsa los ntawm kws kes duab vajtse Pietro Antonio Solari, thiab muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm cov khaub ncaws qub ntawm lub qub Kremlin.
Tus so ntawm Kremlin yees yog lub xwmfab. Tus yees nrog lub rooj vag hla tau nyob qhov twg txoj kev tseem ceeb tau los txog hauv nroog. Cov yees no - Spasskaya, Nikolskaya, Troitskaya, Borovitskaya, Taynitskaya, Konstantino-Yeleninskaya los ntawm sab nraud tau tiv thaiv los ntawm cov neeg uas tua hneev. Tus so ntawm cov yees tau yoog rau kev tiv thaiv.
Lub yees tau ncaj ncaj faib raws qhov nrug ntawm cov phab ntsa muaj zog, txawm tias lawv sib txawv ntau ntawm qhov siab. Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm Trinity Tower yog 80 m siab. Nyob ze, nyob rau sab tod ntawm Trinity Choj, sawv qis Kutafya ntauwd - tsuas yog 13,5 metres.
Taynitskaya tau txhim tsa los ntawm thawj ntawm cov tshiab ntawm Kremlin yees hauv 1484. Nws tshuav nws lub npe mus rau qhov zoo zais hauv lub hauv paus ntawm tus pej thuam rau tus tub rog thaum muaj kev tiv thaiv.
Qhov thib ob siab tshaj plaws, tab sis thawj zaug hauv qhov tseem ceeb yog thiab tseem yog Spasskaya Tower. Nws tseem yog txoj cai ntawm Pietro Solari, uas tau qhib sab hnub tuaj txoj kab ntawm Kremlin qhov chaw ruaj khov nrog kev tsim kho ntawm tus pej thuam no. Nws cov rooj vag yog qhov loj nkag mus rau lub peev txheej ntawm Lavxias teb sab lub xeev - nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom dhau los ntawm lawv ntawm ko taw thiab nrog lub hau tsis pom. Lub tuam tsev tau ntev ntev dai nrog lub moos, tab sis lub moos tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub teb chaws, Kremlin chimes, tau teeb tsa xyoo 1852. Lawv cov tshuab occupies peb tawm ntawm kaum plag tsev ntawm Spasskaya Tower.
Kremlin cov hnub qub ua los ntawm cov iav ruby adorn tsib lub siab tshaj plaws yees - Borovitskaya, Troitskaya, Spasskaya, Nikolskaya thiab Vodovzvodnaya. Yav dhau los, cov yees no, dhau li ntawm Vodovzvodnaya, tau kho kom zoo nkauj nrog huab tais lub ntsej muag ob lub taub hau, tab sis xyoo 1930 Bolsheviks uas tau los ua lub zog txiav txim siab tshem lub txiaj ntsig qub ntawm tsoomfwv qub. Qhov no yog yuav ua li cas, nrog caws pliav tsib-taw lub hnub qub, lub tuam tsev Kremlin ua nto moo thoob plaws ntiaj teb.
