Dmitry Nikolaevich Ushakov yog tus kws tshaj lij lus tshaj lij thiab sau npe tshaj tawm. Nws tau dhau los ua tus sau thiab kho ntawv ntawm Cov Lus Txhais Txhais Lus ntawm Lav Xias Cov Lus hauv plaub ntus. Tus kws tshawb fawb zoo tshaj yog thawj tus los kawm orthoepy, kev kawm ntawm hais kom meej. Nws yog Knight ntawm Cov Lus Qhia Txog St. Stanislaus, St. Anne. Nws tau txais Txim Qhov Txheeb Ze rau Kev Ua Yeeb Yam ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb.
Dmitry Nikolaevich Ushakov yog cov kws sau paj huam zoo. Nws tau muab cov phau ntawv txhais lus piav qhia thiab sau txawv hauv ntau ntau.
Lub sijhawm ntawm thaum yau thiab thaum tiav hluas
Tus kws tshawb fawb muaj peev xwm yug los rau Lub Ib Hlis 24, 1873 hauv Moscow. Nws txiv yog tus kws kho tshwj xeeb nroog siab tshaj plaws. Nws tas sim neej thaum tus me nyuam muaj ob xyoos.
Qhov loj hlob ntawm cov me nyuam raug coj nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm leej niam leej txiv, tus yawg ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej linguist. Cov yawg no nws tus kheej yog tus protopresbyter hauv Assumption Cathedral ntawm Moscow Kremlin. Dmitry tau txais nws thawj qhov kev kawm ntawv hauv tsev. Xyoo 1882, muaj 9-xyoo tus menyuam tub tau nkag mus rau hauv chav kis las.
Tom qab rau xyoo kawm nyob rau xyoo 1889, tus kws tshawb fawb yav tom ntej tau hloov mus rau lwm qhov chaw kawm txuj ci. Ob xyoos tom qab, kev kawm tiav tiav tau dhau los ua ib tug tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Kws Qhia Ntawv ntawm Keeb Kwm thiab Philology ntawm University. Nws tus kws qhia yog Philip Filippovich Fortunatov, paub tias yog tus kws tshaj lij hauv kev tshaj lij ntawm Lavxias Lavxias.
Nws tau nyob hauv kev saib xyuas nws uas tus tub ntxhais kawm sau nws tus tswv sau ntawv rau kev txiav txim siab hauv Homer. Tom qab nws tau txais nws txoj kev kawm, tus kawm tiav tau pib ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv uas yog tus kws qhia ntawm Lavxias lus thiab ntaub ntawv. Nws ua haujlwm hauv txoj haujlwm no kaum xya xyoo.
Xyoo 1903 Dmitry Ushakov tau raug tsa ua Daim Ntawv Tshaj Tawm ntawm St. Stanislav III degree. Xya xyoo tom qab, nws tau los ua tus neeg tau txais koob thib ob ntawm qhov khoom plig no. Xyoo 1906 nws tau txais daim ntawv xaj xaj Order of St. Anne, III degree. Txij xyoo 1907 nws tau ua haujlwm sib xyaw ua ke nrog kev qhia hauv Moscow State University.
Nrog nws phau ntawv "Sau Ntawv Lavxias", luam tawm xyoo 1911, kev hais lus tsis txaus ntseeg tau muab rau hauv kev pom zoo ntawm qhov pib ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm kev sau ntawv ntawm Lavxias. Kev ua si hauv tsev kawm ntawv tau siv sijhawm nees nkaum-yim xyoo. Dmitry Nikolaevich tau loj hlob los ntawm privat-docent mus rau tus xibfwb.
Ua haujlwm los ntawm txoj haujlwm
Pom tau tias cov kev hloov hauv lub teb chaws tau muaj kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg ib txwm. Nws cov lus hloov pauv lawm. Txij li xyoo 1918, ib tug kws paub lus zoo paub pib txhim kho kev sau ntawv kom zoo. Txij li thaum lub xyoo thirties, Ushakov tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm Slavic chav haujlwm ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Kev Sau Ntawv thiab Cov Lus ntawm Cov Cov Neeg ntawm USSR.
Thoob plaws hauv nws txoj haujlwm kev qhia ntawv thiab keeb txuj, tus kws tshawb fawb tau muab lus qhuab qhia hauv ntau lub tsev kawm. Lawv txoj kev nyeem ntawv tau hnov los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm cov chav kawm siab dua, tsev kawm tub rog, keeb kwm Bryusov lub koom haum.
Ib qho kev kawm tshwj xeeb dhau los ua tus tsim qauv thiab sau cov phau ntawv Lavxias thawj phau ntawv kev kawm. Nws tau rov luam tau cuaj lub sijhawm. Ushakov paub tias yog suav sau cov phau ntawv txhais lus piav qhia. Phau ntawv tau luam tawm nyob rau thaum ib nrab xyoo.
Cov kws tshawb fawb txuj ci Ozhegov, Vinogradov, Tomashevsky tau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv pab neeg ntawm cov kws sau ntawv hauv qab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Dmitry Nikolaevich txij li ntawm nees nkaum. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, cov ntawv tshaj tawm muaj ntau dua cuaj caum txhiab cov lus piav qhia. Kev koom tes ntawm Ushakov rau ob qho kev hais lus thiab sau sau yog qhov zoo.
Nws nquag tshaj tawm kev hloov kho ntawm Lavxias kev sau ntawv, nrog kev tshwm sim los ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem luam tawm cov khoom sau "Lavxias sau ntawv". Kev hloov pauv ntawm hom lus ib txwm pib xyoo 1918 nyob rau hauv patronage ntawm Academy of Sciences, tab sis thaum ntxov li xyoo 1915 hauv lub koom haum no, Dmitry Nikolaevich tau tsim thiab coj cov thawj coj ua haujlwm.
Nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog los tsim daim ntawv qhia kev hais lus ntawm cov hom lus uas tau tshwm sim hauv European feem ntawm lub teb chaws. Qhov kev tshawb fawb cuam tshuam cov lus hais ntawm txhua tus neeg nyob hauv. Xyoo 1921, Ushakov tau dhau los ua tus tswv cuab ntawm txoj haujlwm, uas tau koom ua ntej qhov kev pom zoo ntawm kev sib cog lus hauv Lavxias-Soviet, npaj cov ntaub ntawv rau kev sib tham nrog Poland txog kev txiav tawm ntawm cov xeev ntawm txoj haujlwm.
Yuav kom ua tiav txoj haujlwm no, nws tau npaj los sau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov haiv neeg thiab hom lus ntawm cov neeg nyob ntawm cov ciaj ciam teb.
Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb
Tus kws tshawb fawb tau tsim thiab siv ntau txoj hauv kev thiab qhov hnyav pov tseg khoom hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab. Nws qhov kev sau cia ua tam sim no rau "tamsis no", "kev ua haujlwm." lwm yam. Alexander Reformatsky, uas yog tus khub nrog tshawb nrhiav, nco tias Dmitry Nikolayevich zoo siab rau kev nyob sib txuas lus nrog tib neeg.
Nws sib tham nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm, cov kws qhia ntawv, cov kws kho mob, cov neeg ua yeeb yam. Tus kws hais lus nrov tau qhia nws cov npoj yaig kom tsis txhob cais tawm ntawm lawv lub neej txhua hnub puag ncig lawv, tab sis kom koom nrog kev kawm ua si.
Thaum xyoo 1936, Dmitry Nikolaevich tau txais nws daim ntawv pov thawj qib lus fab kev kawm txog keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb. Peb xyoos tom qab, nws tau los ua tswv cuab ntawm USSR Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb.
Tus paub txog tus kws tshaj lij hauv txoj kev pom tseeb ntawm kev tshaj tawm, Ushakov tau sab laj lub tebchaws xov tooj cua Pawg Neeg Tsav Xov Xwm ntau xyoo. Txawm tias cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws Vasily Kachalov thiab Evdokia Turchaninova tig mus rau tus kws tshawb fawb nto moo kom muab tswv yim.
Txiaj ntsim thiab tsev neeg
Dmitry Nikolaevich ua lub npe nrov ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws connoisseur ntawm shtetl dialects. Raws li kev nco ntawm ib qho ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais kawm, uas kuj tau dhau los ua tus kws tshawb fawb nto moo, los ntawm hom lus ntawm ib tus menyuam kawm xyoo ib, nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab meej qhov twg nws tuaj rau hauv lub peev los ntawm. Xyoo 1940, tus kws tshawb fawb zoo tshaj plaws tau muab xaj Qhov Ntawv Qhia ntawm Cov paib ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo. Nrog rau thaum pib ntawm Great Patriotic War, lub cev muaj suab npe tau khiav tawm mus rau Uzbekistan.
Tus kheej lub neej ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb kuj tau ua qhov chaw. Alexandra Misyura tau los ua nws tus poj niam. Ushakov xaiv ib tug yog tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm tus tshaj tawm pej xeem, cov neeg sau xov xwm ntawm Moskovs Serge Vedomosti, Valentin Korsh. Peb tus ntxhais, Vera, Natalya thiab Nina, tau loj hlob hauv tsev neeg. Tus tub yau yog tus tub Vladimir. Tus kws tshawb fawb nto moo tau los ua qhov piv txwv tseeb ntawm kev hlub ntawm nws hom lus thiab kev ua haujlwm siab.
Txawm nyob hauv kev khiav tawm, nws tsis nres haujlwm. Ib xyoos ua ntej nws tuag, tus kws tshawb fawb tau pib kawm cov lus Uzbek. Nws tswj tau los tso ua ke ib phau ntawv me thiab yooj yim ntawm Lavxias-Uzbek phau ntawv txhais lus. Thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 17, 1942, Dmitry Nikolaevich tuag hauv Tashkent.
