Tib neeg tau dhau los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm thaum ub mus rau hauv cov ntawv siv hluav taws xob. Cov chaw nyeem ntawv yog chaw cia khoom ntawm tswv yim thiab yog qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv dhau ib tiam dhau ib tiam.
Cov Lus Qhia
Kauj ruam 1
Thawj phau ntawv sau loj hauv Lavxias yog tsim los ntawm Yaroslav Cov Neeg Txawj Ntse hauv Kiev xyoo 1037. Tsis tas li ntawd, phau ntawv sau ntawm cov ntsiab lus kev ntseeg tau muab khaws cia rau hauv cov tsev qiv ntawv ntawm lub tsev teev hawm loj. Cov thawj coj kev ntseeg siv lawv.
Kauj ruam 2
Lo lus tias “chav qiv ntawv” tau tshwm sim thawj zaug xyoo 1499 hauv phau “Gennadiyevskaya bible”, uas tau muab txhais ua Novgorod. Tsis tas li, cov lus no tau pom nyob hauv Solovetsky Chronicle ntawm 1602.
Kauj ruam 3
Hauv xyoo pua XYII, ib lub xeev muaj hwj chim loj nyob hauv tebchaws Russia. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nruab nrab ntawm kev tswj hwm cov cuab yeej haujlwm tseem cuam tshuam cov librarianship.
Kauj ruam 4
Xyoo 1648, Xeev Lub Tsev Luam Ntawv tau 148 phau ntawv sau thiab phau ntawv. Hauv 30 lub xyoos xwb, lawv cov lej tau nce mus rau 637, thiab cov tsev qiv ntawv nyiaj, ntxiv nrog rau cov neeg Lavxias-lus, kuj suav nrog kev tshaj tawm txawv tebchaws.
Kauj ruam 5
Qhov kawg ntawm xyoo pua XYII, lub tsev qiv ntawv no tau dhau los ua phau ntawv khaws nyiaj loj tshaj plaws nyob hauv Russia. Cov ntaub ntawv raug siv los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev haujlwm thiab cov kws qhia ntawv.
Kauj Ruam 6
Xyoo 1696, Peter I tau tshaj tawm txog kev tsim lub tsev khaws ntawv loj nyob rau hauv lub chav kas raws cai. Nws muaj 333 phau ntawv, feem ntau yog lus txawv teb chaws. Tau muab cov phau ntawv tawm rau cov neeg sawv cev thiab cov neeg xa ntawv hauv nroog.
Kauj Ruam 7
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tsev qiv ntawv tshwj xeeb tau tsim uas muaj cov phau ntawv hais txog kev ua tub rog, astronomy, thaj chaw thiab lwm yam kev kawm. Nov yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov los ntawm kev sau cov phau ntawv ntawm kev ntseeg kev coj mus rau cov kev sau tawm rau ntiaj teb.
Kauj ruam 8
Xyoo 1714, Peter Kuv tau tsim thawj lub xeev chav saib xyuas science hauv tebchaws Lavxias hauv St. Petersburg. Nws yog replenished los ntawm plaub qhov chaw:
a) kev khaws khoom ntiag tug;
b) los ntawm cov tsev qiv ntawv ntawm ntau cov xaj;
c) los ntawm kev yuav khoom thiab sib pauv nrog cov tsev tshawb fawb txawv teb chaws;
d) los ntawm lub tsev luam ntawv luam ib daim qauv ntawm txhua tsab ntawv raug xa mus rau lub tsev qiv ntawv.
Kauj Ruam 9
Cov ntawv tshawb fawb tau siv los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nom tswv cajceg, neeg ua haujlwm hauv zej zog. Catherine II tseem tau ua txoj haujlwm zoo rau kev tsim kho khoom qiv sab nrauv. Nws kuj qhib kev nkag rau cov phau ntawv nyeem rau cov neeg tsis paub.
Kauj ruam 10
Hauv xyoo XYIII-XIX ib-paus xyoo, cov xwm txheej tau tsim rau kev tsim cov tsev qiv ntawv hauv tsev kawm qib siab. Qhov no tau yooj yim los ntawm kev faib nyiaj los ntawm tsoomfwv thiab kev txhim kho kev lag luam luam ntawv. Daim ntawv yuav tsum ua ntawm txhua phau ntawv tshiab tau muab xa mus rau lub tsev qiv ntawv.
Kauj ruam 11
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, lub tsev qiv ntawv ntawm Moscow University muaj ntau dua 20 txhiab phau ntawv. Tus lej kws soj ntsuam Lobachevsky hauv Kazan ua tiav kev hloov ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv mus rau hauv cov pej xeem, qhib rau ntau tus neeg.
Kauj ruam 12
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20, lub tsev qiv ntawv sau ua ke tau tsim, cov cai thiab cov cai uas yuav tsum tau ua rau txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv pib tshwm sim. Xyoo 1917, Lub Tuam Tsev Imperial Phab Ntawv tau nce mus txog 2 lab lub npe.
Kauj ruam 13
Tsoomfwv Soviet pom cov tsev khaws ntawv nyeem yog qhov chaw tseem ceeb uas xav tau kev coj noj coj ua tshwj xeeb. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, txhua lub tsev qiv ntawv thiab cov ntawv sau ntiag tug tau muab teb chaws.
Kauj ruam 14
Txoj haujlwm yog khaws thiab khaws txhua cov ntawv luam tawm. Cov ntawv txheeb thiab cov kab ke ntawm cov tsiaj txhu raug tsim kho.
Kauj ruam 15
Tam sim no lub ntiaj teb cov tsev qiv ntawv Lavxias tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb muaj kwv yees li 42 lab lub npe. Txij li xyoo 1995, Russia tau ua koob tsheej nco txog hnub Libraries.
