Krylov cov dab neeg yeej paub zoo rau txhua tus neeg Lav Xias los ntawm thaum yau. Cim tau cov paj huam xws li "The Crow and Fox", "Hma thiab tus Menyuam Yaj" lossis "The Dragonfly and Ant" ntawm tsev kawm ntawv lossis txawm nyob hauv qib pib, ob peb tus neeg paub tias Lavxias fabulist tsis yog tus tsim cov phiaj no.
Dab neeg - ua haujlwm ntawm kev lom zem satirical thiab kev coj ncaj ncees - tsis tau muaj dua thoob plaws hauv ntawv Lavxias. Cov lus dab neeg ntawm A. Kantemir, V. Trediakovsky, A. Sumarokov thiab I. Dmitriev tsis suav nrog "pob nyiaj" ntawm cov ntawv Lavxias, tam sim no lawv tsis nco qab lawm. Nws yog qhov ua tau rau npe rau tsuas yog ob tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias uas tau qhia lawv tus kheej yam muaj tseeb hauv qhov hom ntawv no: Ivan Krylov nyob rau xyoo 19th. thiab Sergei Mikhalkov nyob rau tiam 20. Tab sis tsuas yog I. Krylov nkag mus rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm cov ntawv nyeem muaj tseeb raws li tus neeg fabulist: nws cov kev tso dag, cov xwm txheej thiab cov dab neeg raug tsis nco qab lawm, cov lus dab neeg tseem raug tshaj tawm, ntau cov lus hais los ntawm lawv tau dhau los ua cov lus tis.
Lub hauv paus pib ntawm I. Krylov cov dab neeg
Cov neeg niaj hnub hu ua Ivan Krylov “Lavxias Lafontaine”. Tus kws sau paj lug Fabkis Jean de La Fontaine (1621-1695) kuj tseem muaj npe nrov ntawm nws cov lus dab neeg, thiab los ntawm qhov kev xam pom no, nws zoo li nws mus rau I. Krylov dhau ntawm kev ua xyem xyav. Tab sis kev sib piv ntawm ob tus kws sau ntawv tau muaj lwm qhov tseem ceeb: I. Krylov qiv cov ntawv ntawm ntau ntawm nws cov dab neeg los ntawm J. La Fontaine.
Dab neeg "Hma thiab Yaj" yog qhov ze rau Fabkis los. Nws txaus los piv rau pib ntawm I. Krylov lub dab neeg nrog kev txhais cov lus tseeb ntawm thawj kab ntawm J. La Fontaine zaj dab neeg: "Tus muaj zog yog ib txwm tsis muaj lub zog mus liam" - "Qhov kev sib cav ntawm lub zog yog ib txwm zoo tshaj." Txawm tias cov ntsiab lus coincide, piv txwv li, ob leeg kwv huam "ntsuas" qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov cim hauv cov kauj ruam.
Cov phiaj xwm ntawm qee lwm cov dab neeg - "Dragonfly thiab Ant", "Crow thiab Hma liab", "Oak thiab Reed", "Qav thiab Ox", "Choosy Bride", "Ob lub Qhov Nqes", "Qav Begging the Tsar", "Plague ntawm Tsiaj "- tseem coj los ntawm La Fontaine.
I. Krylov thiab J. Lafontaine
Kev qiv av ntawm J. La Fontaine tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob, vim tias I. Krylov idolized nws. Tab sis tseem cov lus dab neeg ntawm I. Krylov tsis tuaj yeem raug txo mus rau "txhais lus pub dawb" ntawm J. La Fontaine's fables. Nrog rau kev zam ntawm Tus Hma thiab Me Nyuam Yaj, cov neeg Lavxias fabulist muab cov lus qhia me me tso rau hauv txoj kev sib txawv kiag li. Piv txwv li, I. Krylov lub dab neeg "Qaus Qaus thiab Ntsaum" tsis zoo sib xws rau Dragonfly txoj kev tsis sib xws thiab txhawb Ant tus mob siab thiab pom yav tom ntej. Hauv J. La Fontaine zaj dab neeg "Cicada thiab ntsaum", qhov tsis muaj "Mistress Ant" (hauv Fabkis cov lus no yog poj niam), tus uas tsis nyiam qiv, txawm tias yog paj, nws tseem raug rau txim.
Txawm li cas los xij, J. La Fontaine nws tus kheej, feem ntau, tsis yog tus kws sau daim phiaj ntawm nws cov dab neeg. Cov phiaj xwm hais txog tus hma thiab tus menyuam yaj, tus cicada thiab ntsaum, tus uab lag thiab hma thiab ntau lwm tus raug coj los ntawm nws los ntawm cov neeg txheej thaum ub: Aesop, Babriya, Phaedra. Qee qhov av tau qiv ncaj qha los ntawm Aesop thiab I. Krylov - tshwj xeeb, "Hma liab thiab txiv Hmab".
Tab sis I. Krylov kuj muaj cov dab neeg zoo li no, cov phiaj xwm uas tau tsim los ntawm cov kws sau lawv tus kheej thiab tsuas yog tau yug "hauv Lavxias av". Dab neeg "The Grove and Fire" muaj feem xyuam nrog lub rooj sib tham ntawm Napoleon thiab Alexander I hauv Erfurt xyoo 1808, "Tus Hma hauv Kennel" - nrog Napoleon txoj kev sim kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb thaum xaus tsov rog 1812. Dab neeg " Tus Liab thiab Tsom-iav "tau luag thuam cov chav da dej zam ntawm lub xyoo pua 18, qhia qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tsom iav," Tus phooj ywg tus phooj ywg "hais txog Vienna Congress ntawm 1815 thiab kev tsis pom zoo ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm Union Union," Pike thiab Cat "ridicule General P. Chichagov, uas tsis tuaj yeem cheem Napoleon hla Berezina. Cov phiaj xwm ntawm cov lus dab neeg "Casket", "Quartet", "Swan, Pike thiab Cancer", "Trishkin Caftan", "Crow thiab Qaib" I. Krylov kuj tsis qiv ntawm ib tus neeg.
