Cov tub ntxhais hluas hauv tebchaws Lavxias nyiam nco txog ntau qhov kev nthuav xov xwm tseem ceeb tau luam tawm thaum lub sijhawm Soviet. Tom qab ntawd hauv txhua lub npov xa ntawv, cov neeg xa ntawv nqa tsis tsuas ntawv xov xwm, tab sis kuj yog cov ntawv xov xwm - ntawv nyeem, menyuam yaus, kev kawm thiab kev tshaj lij. Qee cov ntawv sau tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev sib tw lossis poob lawv qhov tseeb hauv xyoo 1990. Tab sis muaj cov uas tau muaj txoj sia nyob thiab tau luam tawm mus txog niaj hnub no.
Hais txog cov phau ntawv thiab xwm
Qee cov ntawv xov xwm yav dhau los hauv Soviet tau dhau mus ntau dua ib qho kev pauv hloov, vim tias lawv tau tshwm sim hauv tsarist Russia. Ntawm lawv yog "Thoob Ntiaj Teb", tsim rov qab rau xyoo 1860. Nov yog ib qho ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm nrov tshaj plaws hauv peb lub teb chaws niaj hnub no. Cov naj npawb ntawm cov ntawv luam mus txog 250 txhiab. Hauv txhua qhov teeb meem koj tuaj yeem nyeem txog cov xwm txheej uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb nyob rau tib lub hlis ntawm ib xyoos twg, hais txog keeb kwm ntawm cov khoom paub, txog lub neej ntawm tib neeg nyob txawv teb chaws thiab cov dab neeg ntawm cov neeg taug kev. Cov ntawv sau muaj ntau yam duab, suav nrog cov duab los ntawm txawv teb chaws, los ntawm qhov chaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, chav kho ntaub ntawv xaiv cov kev tshuaj xyuas zoo rau cov khoom tshiab hauv kev siv thev naus laus zis, dej haus, tsheb, khoom lag luam kev noj qab haus huv, phau ntawv ua lag luam thiab nthuav tawm cov ntawv sau zoo los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm.
Txog ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm hauv tebchaws Russia, piv txwv li, Novy Mir tseem niaj hnub luam tawm. Ua tsaug rau nws txoj kev ywj pheej nthuav dav thiab tshaj tawm txoj haujlwm txwv tsis pub dhau los, kev tshaj tawm tau txais koob meej tshwj xeeb hauv 1960, thiab tau mus txog nws qhov siab kawg hauv 1990, thaum lub xov tooj hluav taws xob yog 2.6 lab daim ntawv luam. Kev ncig tam sim no thaj tsam ntawm 4,000 thiab 7,000 daim ntawv luam. Cov pawg tswj hwm txiav txim siab txoj kev xav, kev kawm thiab keeb kwm yog nws cov qauv tseem ceeb.
Kuj tseem muaj sia nyob hloov ntawm eras thiab Soviet magazine "Roman-Gazeta". Nws txuas ntxiv nthuav tawm kev ua haujlwm los ntawm venerable thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas sau ntawv txog ob qhov teeb meem no thiab keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws.
Niaj hnub no, "Cov menyuam yaus cov ntawv xov xwm-ntawv xov xwm" kuj tseem luam tawm, nyob rau hauv uas ib tus tuaj yeem paub zoo txog kev hais lus thiab paj huam, tsim tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov menyuam hauv tsev kawm.
Cov kiv cua ntawm Cov Ntawv Qhia Txawv Tebchaws tseem tseem nyeem cov ntawv xov xwm no tsim hauv USSR. Nws tau khaws cov khoom ntim tau zoo (288 nplooj ntawv ib hlis) thiab kev coj ua kev paub txog cov neeg nyeem nrog lub ncauj lus tshiab ntawm cov ntawv txawv teb chaws. Niaj hnub no nws muaj peev xwm los nyeem hauv nws thawj cov ntawv txhais ntawm cov ntawv ntawm laureates ntawm cov khoom plig muaj koob npe - Nobel, Booker, Goncourt.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau menyuam yaus
Txawm ntau Soviet cov menyuam yaus phau ntawv xov xwm muaj ciaj sia. Murzilka, tsim nyob rau xyoo 1924, txawm ua rau nws mus rau hauv phau ntawv Guinness Cov Ntawv Sau Tseg yog qhov ntev tshaj plaws nyob rau cov menyuam yaus. Nws tseem niaj hnub luam tawm cov ntawv ntawm cov chav kawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab cov ntawv nyeem thiab cov neeg sau ntawv Lavxias tam sim no. Kuj, muaj "Cov Duab Funny" yuav luag tsis hloov.
Ob qhov kev tshaj tawm tam sim no dhau los ua qhov chaw zoo thiab tau nthuav dav lawv cov ntsiab lus kom suav nrog cov kev txhim kho tshiab thiab kev taw qhia kev kawm.
"Bonfire" thiab "Pioneer" tau hloov lawv qhov zoo li xyoo dhau los. Tam sim no lawv muaj feem xyuam rau Soviet prototypes tsuas yog los ntawm lub npe. Lawv mob siab rau tsis yog lub neej ntawm cov menyuam yaus lub koom haum kev sib raug zoo, tab sis rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv hauv tsev kawm, lawv txoj kev kawm thiab kev lom zem.
Tab sis cov ntawv xov xwm "Young Naturalist", "Tus Kws Tshaj Lij" thiab "Tekhnika - Cov Hluas" tau yooj yim pom tau txawm tias niaj hnub no. Lawv tseem qhia rau cov hluas txog kev tshawb fawb hauv hom lus uas nkag mus, tsuas yog lawv lub cev tau hloov tsawg zuj zus piv rau lub sijhawm ntawm USSR.
