Qhov tig ntawm lub xyoo pua yog ib txwm pom los ntawm cov kws sau paj lug thiab cov kws sau ntawv ua lub sijhawm rov los xav txog yav dhau los thiab yog tus cim los ntawm kev tshawb rau cov lus qhia tshiab, cov ntsiab lus thiab cov ntawv. Lub sijhawm Soviet yog los ntawm "lub sijhawm ntawm kev xav hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev", thaum ua haujlwm ntawm lub xyoo kaum ntawm lub xyoo pua XX - rau kev xa xov tom qab. Tam sim no, cov kws sau ntawv sib zog ua kom sib txawv ntawm USSR thiab Russia, kom rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm "Lavxias Lavxias", tham ntxiv txog txoj kev tshwj xeeb hauv lub tebchaws thiab cov neeg nyob hauv nws thaj av. Cov kws sau paj huam yeej ib txwm muaj nyob rau yav dhau los ntawm txheej txheem kev sau ntawv, tab sis tam sim no cov thawj coj hauv cov haujlwm yog cov neeg sau ntawv thiab cov neeg tshaj lij.
Cov Lus Qhia
Kauj ruam 1
Valentin Rasputin yug rau lub Peb Hlis 15, 1937 hauv lub zos Atalanka, Irkutsk Thaj Av. Tom qab tsev kawm ntawv, nws tau kawm ntawm Kws qhia ntawv keeb kwm thiab Philology ntawm Irkutsk State University thiab ua haujlwm ua tus tshaj xov xwm rau ntau cov ntawv xov xwm. Xyoo 1980, nws yog tus koom tes ntawm pawg thawj tswj hwm ntawm Roman-Gazeta. Cov dab neeg thiab cov dab neeg luv luv sau nyob rau lub caij nyoog Soviet feem ntau hu ua lub zos cov lus sib txuas. Cov kws sau ntawv thuam tau hais txog Rasputin ua tus sau thiab muaj peev xwm dhau los. Qee qhov haujlwm nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm tus sau yog cov dab neeg "Farewell to Matera" (1976), "Nyob thiab Nco Txog" (1974), zaj dab neeg "Cov Lus Qhia Fab Kis" (1973). Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yog tsom mus rau cov tshiab hauv "Ivan Tus Ntxhais, Ivan Niam", luam tawm xyoo 2004. Sau rov qab rau xyoo 70, cov lus nug "Dab tsi tshwm sim rau peb tom qab" txuas ntxiv cov lus nug mus ib txhis "Leej twg yog tus yuav liam" thiab "Dab tsi yuav ua", tab sis thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua nws txais lub ntsiab lus tshiab. Rasputin sau txog cov tib neeg tsis muaj txoj sia ntawm kev tawm tsam kev ua phem, cov neeg koom ua ke, Kev Ua Rog Loj Ntawm Cov Neeg, tab sis leej twg paub txog lawv. Tus kws sau ntawv ua rau nws paub meej tias tam sim no cov tub ntxhais hnov tsuas yog lub ncha ntawm cov xwm txheej no thiab yuav tsum nco ntsoov lawv, vim tias tsis muaj lub neej tsis muaj kev nco.
Kauj ruam 2
Vladimir Lichutin yug rau lub Peb Hlis 13, 1940 hauv lub nroog Mezen, Arkhangelsk Thaj Chaw. Nws kawm tiav thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv hav zoov, thiab tom qab ntawd los ntawm Leningrad State University. Zhdanov (Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Kev Sau Xov Xwm) thiab Cov Ntawv Qhia Ntawv Siab. Txhua yam ntawm tus kws sau ntawv tau txuas nrog lub neej ntawm tib neeg nyob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Hiav Txwv Dawb. Qhov no yog ib lub ncauj lus uas yog paub zoo thiab mob heev ze ntawm Lichutin. Nws cov dab neeg thiab cov dab neeg tsis yog tsim los ntawm kev paub lub neej ntawm tus kws sau nws tus kheej xwb, tab sis kuj nyob ntawm cov khoom ntawm kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev lom zem uas nws tau ua dua. Txawm hais tias lub ntsiab lus meej ntawm thaj chaw ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov xwm txheej, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm yog kev xav thoob ntiaj teb. Lichutin sau txog tus ntsuj plig, uas suav tias "txhua yam hauv lub tebchaws." Hauv nws cov haujlwm, tus neeg Lavxias nrhiav ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb thiab raug kev txom nyem, raws li tus kws sau ntawv thuam A. Yu. Bolshakova, los ntawm egocentric masochism. Cov phab ej ntawm cov dab neeg tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav lawv txoj hauv kev, vim tias lawv tsis nco qab lossis tsis xav paub txoj kev twg uas lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv tau mus. Ib qho xov uas dhau los ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov haujlwm niaj hnub ntawm tus sau ("Milady Rothman", "Tus Fugitive los ntawm Lub Vaj Kaj Siab", "Tus Dej ntawm Kev Hlub", "Inexplicable Soul" thiab lwm tus) yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib cais, kev ntuav ntawm tus ntsuj plig nruab nrab ntawm sab hauv thiab sab nraud, sab nraud, siab dav ntawm kev coj tsis ncaj, lub neej thiab kev xav zais cia.
Kauj ruam 3
Yuri Polyakov yug rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 12, 1954 hauv Moscow. Kawm tiav los ntawm lub siab xav ntawm kws qhia ntawv ntawm Moscow Lub Chaw Haujlwm Hauv Cheeb Tsam Chaw Haujlwm, tau ua haujlwm ua tus xibfwb, sib tham thiab kho xov xwm ntawm "Kev Sau Ntawv Hauv Phau Ntawv". Txij xyoo 2001, nws tau ua tus editor-in-Chief ntawm Literaturnaya Gazeta. Thaum tseem nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv, Polyakov pib sau paj huam, tau luam tawm hauv Moskovsky Komsomolets, xyoo 1979 nws tso Time of Arrival - thawj sau ntawm nws cov kwv huam. Prose ua hauj lwm nqa koob meej rau tus sau. Thaum xyoo 1980s, nws sau zaj dab neeg "Ib Puas Hnub Txog Hnub Ncaj Ncees," uas nws tau hais tawm txog kev pw tsaug zog hauv Soviet cov tub rog. Qhov haujlwm tau luam tawm tsuas yog xyoo 1987. Cov neeg sau thuam lub ntsiab lus txhais Polyakov txoj haujlwm ua grotesque realism. Tus sau khaws cia qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kev ua thiab cov lus, Soviet thiab Lavxias (tsis yog Lavxias) kev xav, nruab nrab ntawm tus ntsuj plig thiab lub laj thawj. Nyob rau hauv nws cov ntawv sau ("The Mushroom Tsar", "Plaster Trumpeter", "Kuv Tau Txais Kev Khiav Tawm"), tus kws sau ntawv xav txog seb cov neeg Lavxias puas muaj peev xwm rov ua ib haiv neeg, lossis seb lawv puas yuav tuaj yeem ploj. Ntawm ib sab tes, Polyakov cov ntawv sau muaj lub dashing intrigue, ib zaj dab neeg zoo nkauj, kev lom zem thiab kev lom zem, tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj kev sib zog rau qhov siab, uas tsis yog raug rau kev sib raug zoo cataclysms thiab deformations.
