Hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov ntawv nyeem, cov tub ntxhais kawm kawm paub cov niam txiv uas muaj lub npe "hais lus" heev, ib txoj kev los sis lwm tus tswv uas yog tswv. Yog li vim li cas cov kws sau ntawv hloov chaw rau cov txheej txheem no thiab nws tseem ceeb npaum li cas los hais txog qee yam ntawm lawv cov cim nrog kev pab ntawm lub xeem?
Lub xeem keeb kwm
Surnames nyob rau hauv Russia tshwm sim tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo 19th - thaum ntxov feem ntau ntawm cov pej xeem ua tau zoo tsis muaj lawv. Thawj lub xeem pib siv los ntawm feudal lords, uas coj cov npe raws noob neej raws li lawv txoj cai muaj keeb kwm av - yog li, feem ntau ntawm cov npe fudal qhia cov av uas yog lawv li. Qhov no yog li cas lub npe menyuam yaus Vyazemsky, Shuisky, Yeletsky thiab thiaj li sawv.
Dua li ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias thawj lub npe Lavxias tuaj yeem muaj nyob hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm xyoo pua 15, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg ntawm Lavxias tsis muaj lawv.
Tom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm serfdom, tsoomfwv tau pib muab cov qub serfs puv lossis hloov pauv cov npe ntawm lawv tus tswv qub. Qee lub npe ntawm lub xeem tau hloov los ntawm patronymics, qee qhov los ntawm npe menyuam yaus. Txawm li cas los xij, tus txheej txheem no tau qeeb qeeb, thiab cov neeg txuas ntxiv ua neej nyob yam tsis muaj lub hnub nyoog txog 1888. Thaum ntawd tau txiav txim tias tau xee npe los ntawm txhua tus neeg uas muaj lub npe tag nrho ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm txoj cai.
Cov lub xeem lus hais
Ntau tus kws sau ntawv thiab cov kws ua yeeb yam paub tias lub npe muaj feem cuam tshuam los ntawm cov neeg nyeem thiab saib nrog peculiarities ntawm lub neej lossis tus cwj pwm. Yog li, Alexey Maksimovich Peshkov, uas nyob rau lub sijhawm menyuam yaus thiab tub ntxhais hluas nyuaj, xaiv lub npe hais lus rau nws tus kheej thiab dhau los ua Maxim Gorky. Vladimir Dal, leej twg yug hauv Lugansk, tau kos npe rau nws tus kheej nrog lub npe tawv tawv Kazak Lugansky, thiab Dmitry Mamin, uas nyob hauv Urals, tau tshaj tawm lub npe Tomsky thiab Sibiryak.
Cov kws sau ntawv feem ntau hloov pauv lawv lub npe raws li qhov xwm ntawm lawv cov haujlwm kev sau ntawv.
Denis Fonvizin feem ntau tau kos npe nrog Pravdin thiab Durykin, Saltykov - Shchedrin, Mastodontov thiab Zmeev-Infantsev, thiab Chekhov - Kislyaev, Champagne thiab Tarantulov. Nekrasov tau paub hauv qab daim ntawv qhia ntawm Borodavkin, Gribovnikov thiab Bukhalov, thiab Gilyarovsky kos npe nws cov dab neeg nrog Izhitsyn, Verevkin thiab Voldemar Velespecovym.
Cov npe menyuam yaus tseem hais txog hauv cov cim nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias classics - uas tsis paub tub ceev xwm Derzhimorda, Svistunov thiab Pugovitsyn, tus kws kho mob hauv cheeb tsam Gibner, tus kws ceev xwm thaj tsam Ukhovertov, cov neeg ua haujlwm so haujlwm Korobkin, Rastakovsky thiab Lyulyukov? Cov neeg nyiam sau ntawv hauv lub nroog paub cov tswv av hauv nroog Bobchinsky thiab Dobchinsky, tus kws txiav txim plaub Lyapkin-Tyapkin, tus tswv nroog Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky thiab tus neeg pab txhawb nqa ntawm cov chaw haujlwm ncaj ncees Strawberry. Yog li, cov kws sau ntawv tau coj los qhia qee qhov kev coj tus cwj pwm lossis cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej ntawm lawv cov phab ej, muab cov nyeem ntxiv kev nkag siab tob ntawm lawv cov ins thiab outs.
