Ua ntej teb cov lus nug uas phau ntawv twg yog tus hlob hauv ntiaj teb, koj yuav tsum tshawb pom dab tsi tuaj yeem xav tau tias yog phau ntawv. Yog tias peb muaj nyob rau hauv lub siab cov tswv yim niaj hnub ntawm "phau ntawv", uas yog, ib pawg ntawm cov nplooj ntawv nrog cov ntawv luam tawm, txuas nrog rau txhua lwm tus, ces tus laus tshaj plaws yuav yog Kauslim "Chikchi". Yog tias cov ntawv tuaj yeem sau tes, yog li feem ntau txheej thaum ub hu ua Txoj Moo Zoo ntawm Garima. Thiab nyob rau hauv kev nkag siab dav dav, phau qub tshaj plaws yog phau Epic of Gilgamesh.
Epic of Gilgamesh thiab Lwm Cov Ntawv Qub
Hauv kev paub dav dav, phau ntawv tuaj yeem hu ua haujlwm sau tseg lossis kho nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev ntawm ntau yam xov xwm. Txheej thaum ub, thaum sau ntawv tau tsim, ntau txoj hauv kev txhais tau siv los ua khoom siv rau kev tsim cov ntawv thiab cov ntawv: hlau, ntoo, av nplaum. Cov ntaub ntawv qub tshaj plaws yog Sumerian ua haujlwm "Tus Epic ntawm Gilgamesh", sau rau ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj av nplaum thiab khaws cia rau hnub no. Nws lub npe thib ob yog "Txog txhua yam uas tau pom". Daim ntawv qhia tag nrho ntawm cov kab lus pom tau pom ntawm cov khawb av ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv ntawm King Ashurbanipal, cov kws tshawb fawb hnub nws txog xyoo pua 7 BC. Tab sis cov khoom qub tshaj plaws uas muaj cov paj huam muaj npe nrov txij hnub 18th BC.
Cov lus Suav Suav ntawm tus tsim legendary ntawm Taoism Laoji hu ua "Tao Te Jing" kuj tseem tuaj yeem khav tau ntawm lub hnub nyoog muaj txiaj ntsig; nws tsim hnub rov los rau xyoo pua 4 BC. Phau ntawv no sau rau ntawm xyoob thiab yog cov pob ntoo xyoob. Ancient Egyptian papyri nrog cov lus hais dab neeg, cov dab neeg thiab cov dab neeg tuaj yeem hu ua ib phau ntawm cov ntawv qub tshaj plaws.
Tej zaum qhov loj tshaj plaws sau tseg ua haujlwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb tseem tsis tau pom. Nws tuaj yeem pom ntawm cov ntawv ntoo uas ua los ntawm ntoo, pob zeb, thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv.
Cov phau ntawv ua khoom loj tshaj plaws
Yog hais tias daim ntawv lossis lwm daim ntawv nyias tau suav hais tias yog ib phau ntawv, nrawm ua ke hauv daim ntawv ntawm bale nrog cov ntawv khij, tom qab ntawd phau ntawv qub tshaj plaws nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yog phau ntawv sau ua lus Ethiopian Christian hu ua "Txoj Moo Zoo ntawm Garima." Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov ntawv nyeem txheej thaum ub no, tau muab faib ua ob phau ntawv, tau sau nyob nruab nrab ntawm kwv yees li 330 thiab 650 AD: feem ntau, qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau tiam 5-6. Tus neeg sau liam ntawm phau ntawv yog tus neeg saib xyuas Ethiopian Isaac Garima, uas tau tuaj txog hauv tebchaws los ntawm Constantinople xyoo 494 thiab tau pab nyiaj rau kev ntseeg kev ntseeg hauv Ethiopia. Phau ntawv tau sau nyob rau hauv nyias tshis hauv ancient Ethiopian lus.
Txoj Moo Zoo ntawm Garima yog khaws cia hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej ntawm kev siab hlub British.
Cov phau ntawv loj tshaj plaws
Cov ntawv luam tawm qub tshaj plaws yog phau Kikchi uas yog Korean cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev qhia ntawm Buddha thiab lwm tus kws qhia thiab qhia qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov lus qhia. Ib puas xyoo ua ntej kev tsim tawm ntawm kev luam tawm hauv Tebchaws Europe, Cov Kauslim Tebchaws Asmeskas muaj peev xwm tsim thawj phau ntawv siv cov ntawv hlau: mirrored hieroglyphs txiav los ntawm daim ntawv tau txuas rau lub rooj tsav tsheb siv quav ciab, tom qab ntawd lub rooj tsavxwm raug tua hauv qhov cub thiab cov av nplaum pwm tau nchuav. rau hauv uas molten hlau raug nchuav. Phau ntawv tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1377. Hauv Tebchaws Europe, thawj phau ntawv luam tawm tshwm sim xyoo 1480 - qhov no yog Gutenberg Ntawv Vajtswv.
