Nadezhda Maltseva yog ib tug kws txhais lus thiab kws sau paj lug. Nws cov paj huam tau luam tawm hauv tebchaws Russia thiab Asmeskas. Nws yog tus tshaj tawm ntawm Lub Txiaj Ntsig Hnub Nyoog Nyiaj Txiag rau 2011. Tus kws sau phau ntawv Cov pa luam yeeb ntawm Fatherland thiab Obsessive Motive.
Biography ntawm Nadezhda Elizarovna Pupko pib hauv Moscow xyoo 1945. Tus kws sau paj lug yav tom ntej tau yug rau lub Plaub Hlis 12. Nws txiv yog haiv neeg ntawm Qub Believer Trans-Baikal tsev neeg Elizar Maltsev. Lub koob meej tau coj los rau nws los ntawm "cov ua liaj ua teb qoob loo" cov tshiab cov lus sau hauv Soviet lub sijhawm. Ib lub sijhawm, cov yeeb yaj kiab tau ua raws li nws kev ua haujlwm, kev ua yeeb yam thiab kev ua yeeb yam tau sau tseg.
Haujlwm
Tus ntxhais lub tswv yim ua kom pom nws tus kheej thaum ntxov. Tus ntxhais qhia nws cov kev sim ua paj nruag rau Anna Akhmatova. Tus kws sau paj huam tau raug tsoo los ntawm kev npaj txhij txog qhov kev xav tsis tu ncua thiab kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug ntxhais hnub nyoog kaum-tsib xyoo. Akhmatova sau tseg tias lawv tau tiav. Tom qab kev pom zoo los ntawm tus sau phau ntawv sau, Nadya tau lees tias tam sim no nws xav sau ntau ntxiv. Kuj tseem ntxov, Nadya pib tshaj tawm.
Tus kws sau paj huam zoo npe Semyon Kirsanov nws tus kheej tau sau cov ntawv sau ntawm cov kws sau ntawv tuaj txog rau lub npe tshiab lub xyoo almanac "Paj Huam Hnub". Tsib paj huam tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv phau ntawv xov xwm Yunost uas nrov. Tom qab kev tshuaj xyuas hnyav ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm "tshiab kaum-rau-xyoo-laus Akhmatova" los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij Lavxias teb sab lus thiab kws sau paj lug Alexei Markov, kev tshaj tawm Maltseva cov haujlwm tau nres mus ntev.
Nadezhda cov haujlwm tau luam tawm hauv samizdat. Yog li, nws kev sau "Bench thiab Arbat" tau nrov npe hauv phau ntawv sau sau. Thawj qhov thiab thib ob ntawm Taganka kev ua yeeb yam kev ua yeeb yam "Kaum hnub uas tau ua rau ntiaj teb", thawj zaug tau pom rau lub Plaub Hlis 2, 1965, tau qhib nrog cov kwv huam los ntawm Maltseva.
Tus ntxhais nco qab txog lub tswv yim muab rau nws los ntawm Akhmatova los kawm lus thiab pib ua haujlwm hauv Latin thiab Lithuanian, txhais cov haujlwm ntawm Baltic paj huam. Xyoo 1977, kws sau paj lug-txhais lus raug lees paub rau Cov Neeg Sau Ntawv Ntawm Lub Tebchaws USSR.
Tsev neeg thiab kev muaj tswv yim
Kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim hauv Nadezhda tus kheej lub neej. Nws tau los ua poj niam ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Caesar Mikhailovich Golodny, tus txhais lus ntawm Ingush thiab Chechen cov paj huam. Tus xaiv tshiab ib ntawm tus kws sau paj lug yog kev sau ntawv tseeb kev tshawb fawb Yevgeny Vitkovsky, lub npe hu ua cov kws sau ntawv thuam, cov neeg txhais lus, thiab kws sau paj huam.
Rau kev tshaj tawm, tus kws sau ntawv tau npaj ib qho lus qhia txog paj huam los ntawm Lav Xias Lav Xias hauv plaub phau ntawv hauv qab "Peb tau nyob rau lwm lub ntiaj teb nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd." Nws sau cov hauj lwm ntawm Georgy Ivanov hauv peb ntim, Ivan Elagin hauv ob, thiab Arseny Nesmelov hauv ib qho.
Witkowski ua yeeb yam raws li tus tawm tswv yim thiab sau cov ntawv tshaj tawm los ntawm Rimbaud, Burns, Baudelaire, Kipling thiab lwm tus kws sau ntawv txawv teb chaws. Vim yog qhov tseeb tias nws tus txiv tau sib sau nrog ntau tus kws sau paj lug txawv tebchaws, Maltseva cov haujlwm tau tuaj cuag lawv. Txij li xyoo cuaj caum, tus kws sau ntawv pib luam tawm dua nyob hauv tsev.
Xyoo 1990 nws cov kev xaiv tau tshwm sim hauv Druzhba Narodov ntawv tshaj tawm thiab Paj Huam Hnub almanac. Hauv kev tsuas poj niam txiv neej almanac "Hloov Hloov" uas tau pom lub hnub kaj, kuj muaj paj huam los ntawm Nadezhda Elizarovna. Tau ntev, vim muaj teeb meem noj qab haus huv thiab kev kho mob, tus kws sau paj hlwb tsis sau.
Lees
Los ntawm nruab nrab-caug xyoo, Maltseva cov ntawv sau tau muab luam tawm tas li hauv cov ntawv nthuav tawm ntawm Tebchaws Asmeskas thiab Russia. Qhov kev xaiv tsim zoo ntawm cov paj huam yog qhov pib ntawm kev ua tiav zoo ntawm kev tshaj tawm. Nws tau hais los ntawm Evgeny Yevtushenko hauv anthology "Stanzas ntawm Lub Xyoo". Tom qab ntawd, Maltseva cov paj huam raug luam tawm hauv phau ntawv ib xyoos luam tawm nyob rau Philadelphia hauv qab cov npe "Cov Rooj Sib Tham".
Tsib qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov kws sau paj huam cov kev tsim, ib qho dhau ib zaug, tau tshwm sim hauv Cov Ntawv Xov Xwm New York. Tus sau tau luam tawm almanac thiab cov ntawv xov xwm "Volga", "Coast", "New Coast". Hauv lub xyoo pua tshiab, Maltseva tau los ua lawv cov neeg sau ntawv ib txwm ua. Xyoo 2005, ib phau ntawv los ntawm kws sau paj huam hu ua "Haus luam yeeb ntawm Leej Txiv" tau luam tawm. Nws tam sim ntawd nyiam cov xim paj huam thiab cov neeg nyiam thuam tshaj plaws.
Kev txheeb xyuas tau ob qho tib si zoo thiab tsis zoo. Thawj cov haujlwm hauv nws yog hom qub 1974, kawg - 1984. Cov qauv tseem ceeb rau txhua lub ntsiab lus ntawm paj huam yog qhov hu ua "paj huam tiag tiag." Cov haujlwm ua rau nws poob rau hauv, kom hnov li lub sijhawm thaum lawv tau sau. Nws cov paj huam yuav tsum nyeem kom nrov thiab tsis xav mloog ntxiv.
Maltsevas cov paj huam tuaj ntawm cov ntsuj plig los. Los ntawm qhov ntawd, lawv daim ntawv, thiab suab paj nruag, thiab tseem muaj lus cim xeeb. Yuav luag nyob rau hauv parallel nrog thawj, phau ntawv tshiab tau pib, uas tsis txhua zoo li daim ntawv dhau los. Maltseva hu nws tias "Obsessive Motive."
Phau ntawv
Tus kws sau ntawv qhuas nws txoj haujlwm kom ua tiav zoo. Nws yog cov ntawv sau cia, ib phau ntawv, thiab tsis yog cov neeg cov paj huam uas tau muab ntau xyoo dhau los hauv qhov chaw ua yeeb yam paj lug. Txawm tias ib nplooj ntawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus pom tau tias yog kev sau sib txawv. Nws yog tam sim ntawd meej hais tias txhua yam yog nyob rau ntawm tus sau lub tswv yim, ib zaj paj huam coj mus rau lwm qhov. Ib qho ntawv hla - thiab qee yam tseem ceeb ruam kom deb.
Phau ntawv tau teeb tsa raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev caij nyoog, nrog nws tus kheej kev teeb tsa thiab kev xav, muab kev ncaj ncees. Tus nyeem ntawv tau txais tos lub ntiaj teb uas tab tom tos kom ua tiav. Cov khoom sib sau yog thov ntawm cov suab paj nruag. Koj tuaj yeem hnov cov suab paj nruag ntawm waltz, fugue, lullaby, foxtrot, nkauj, requiem hauv nws. Tus kws sau lus siv kuj yog ntau yam sib txawv.
Nws siv cov lus qub, nkag siab lub ntsiab lus uas yuav tsum tau hais txog phau ntawv txhais lus, thiab lus sau. Tus kws sau paj lug yog tus tsim txiaj ntawm cov lus, hloov mus ua ib tus tswv cuab. Txhua zaj lus sib dhos tau txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb, tsis txhob lo tawm, tsis txhob ua mob rau lub qhov muag thiab pob ntseg.
Cov haujlwm ntawm phau ntawv tuaj yeem piv nrog ntoo architecture, uas rau ntau pua xyoo tau ua kom tsis muaj ib qho nrawm nrog cov ntsia hlau. Lub ntiaj teb ntawm Nadezhda Elizarovna cov paj huam yog nyob ywj pheej, nws yog iridescent thiab multidimensional. Nws muaj peev xwm saib dab tsi tshwm sim ob qho tib si los ntawm sab nraud thiab sab nraud. Qhov no ua rau kom muaj kev sib zog ntawm qhov qhia tawm.
Rau nws txoj haujlwm, Maltseva tau txais qhov khoom plig hnub nyoog ntawm Cov Nyiaj. Txij li thaum xaus ntawm 2009, tus kws sau paj lug tau los ua tus tswv cuab ntawm PEN-club.
