Thaum xub thawj, cov ntawv sau cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub yog qhov tseem ceeb uas yog cov khoom kos ua qauv. Tom qab, hieroglyphic sau ntawv yog tsim, cov cim ntawm uas tau los ua homograms. Ntawd yog, cov cim tau pib txhais cov ntsiab lus sib txawv thiab cov lus.
Cov ua rau sau ntawv
Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm kev sau ntawv hauv Egypt yog txuam nrog cov xwm txheej zoo li muaj kev tshwm sim ntawm kev ntseeg, qhov yuav tsum tau sau cov kev paub ntau ntxiv. Cov neeg nyob puag thaum ub tseem nyiam ua rau lub neej ntawm tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe thiab cov neeg ib txwm nyob ntawm phab ntsa. Lub ntees tuag kev lom zem ntawm cov neeg Iyiv tau sau tseg qhia txog kev tuag tom qab ntawm tus neeg tuag, kos duab kos duab ntawm sarcophagi, phab ntsa ntawm cov qhov ntxa thiab cov hlab ntsha nrog cov plab hnyuv siab raum.
Raws li cov tswvyim ntawm kev ntseeg ntawm cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub, tsab ntawv rau noob neej tau muab rau tus vajtswv Thoth. Tus vajtswv poj niam Seshat, uas yog tus ntxhais ntawm Thoth, kuj tau koom rau hauv kev patronage ntawm kev sau ntawv.
Ib qho ntxiv, nws yuav tsum tau sau cov kab teev kev cai dab qhuas thiab kev teev dab. Cov neeg Iyiv thaum ub suav hais tias lawv tus kheej yuav tsum sau txhua cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tsim nyog. Thiab thawj zaug cov ntaub ntawv no tau ua nrog cov cim duab, tom qab ntawd nrog ntawv hieroglyphs thiab hieratic.
Kev Huab Cua Hieroglyphics
Thawj qhov cim ntawm cov neeg Iyiv txheej thaum ub tau pom nyob hauv ib lub qhov ntxa ntawm Abydos thiab zoo li cov duab cim. Cov ntawv sau tau koom nrog lub xoom cov neeg muaj txuj ci, uas yog, lawv muaj rau plaub xyoo txhiab BC. Tom qab ntawd, twb tau nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm lub nceeg vaj thaum ntxov, txoj kev sau ntawv ntawm cov neeg Iyiv tau tsim mus rau hauv cov qauv kev lees paub ntau dua thiab pib sawv cev rau kev sau ntawv hieroglyphic.
Nws yog hauv Lub Nceeg Vaj Thaum Ntxov uas hais tias kev tshaj lij xws li cov neeg mob tawv ncauj thiab cov kws sau ntawv tau tshwm sim. Kev ua haujlwm tau coj tawm los tsim kev ua liaj ua teb. Txhua yam no yuav tsum muaj kev sau ua ke. Qhov kev tshwm sim tseem ceeb ntawm lub caij nyoog no yog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm Upper thiab Lower Tim lyiv teb chaws, uas tseem ua rau muaj kev sib kis ntawm cov kev cai dav dav ntawm kev sau ntawv thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg hieroglyphs thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws.
Hieratic sau ntawv
Txawm li cas los xij, thaum qhov kev xav tau tshwm sim los sau cov ntawv ntawm parchment thiab papyrus, cov cim tau ua kom yooj yim dua. Nws tseem muab sau sai dua. Yog li, txheej txheem sau ntawv tshiab tau tsim - cov hieratic. Lub sijhawm nws yug los yog lub caij nyoog ntawm lub Nceeg Vaj Qub. Hauv cov ntawv sau hieratic, cov paib tsis nyiam cov khoom lossis tsiaj.
Lub nceeg vaj thaum ub tau muaj npe nrov vim muaj kev vam meej ntawm tes ua, txua ntoo, thiab kev ua vaj tsev. Txhawm rau khaws txhua yam txuj ci ua noj rau qee yam khoom, cov neeg Iyiv tau sau cia. Yog li no, cov hieroglyphs tshiab thiab cov cim ntawm kev sau hieratic nkag mus rau hauv cov ncig.
Tab sis hieroglyphics tsis tau tso tseg tsis siv, tab sis nyob rau hauv parallel muaj thoob plaws keeb kwm ntawm Ancient Egypt. Ntxiv mus, txhua hom kev sau ntawv tau pom nws tus kheej cov haujlwm hauv tib neeg. Hieratic sau ntawv tau siv rau cov kev xav tau txhua hnub, siv los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv thiab ua neeg siab hlob. Hieroglyphs tau txua ntoo hauv qhov ntxa, palaces thiab tuam tsev.
