Tus kws sau paj lug, kws sau ntawv thiab cov neeg sau ntawv thuam, ib tus neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm Lub Hnub Nyoog Nyiaj Txiag Maximilian Voloshin tau siv lub sijhawm tseem ceeb hauv nws lub neej hauv Crimea, hauv Koktebel. Thiab ua tsaug rau nws, qhov chaw no tau paub dhau mus ntawm ceg av qab teb.
Xyoo kawm thiab thawj cov lus tseem ceeb
Maximilian Voloshin yug hauv 1877. Nws tau siv nws thaum yau nyob hauv nroog xws li Kiev thiab Moscow. Los ntawm 1887 txog 1893, tus kws sau paj lug yav tom ntej tau kawm ntawm Moscow gymnasiums. Thiab tom qab ntawd nws niam, Elena Ottobaldovna, yuav thaj av hauv Crimean Koktebel thiab tsiv mus nyob nrog nws tus tub. Ntawm no, los ntawm Hiav Txwv Dub, xyoo 1897, Maximilian thaum kawg muaj peev xwm kawm tiav tsev kawm theem siab. Nws yog qhov yooj yim los xam tias lub sijhawm ntawd nws nyob deb ntawm ib tug menyuam yaus, nws twb muaj hnub nyoog 20 xyoo: qhov tseeb yog tias nws tau tawm mus ob peb zaug rau xyoo ob.
Xyoo 1897, Maximilian Voloshin tau nkag mus kawm kws lij choj kev cai lij choj ntawm University University. Tab sis twb nyob hauv xyoo 1899 nws raug laij tawm vim nws tuaj koom kev tawm tsam thiab nws tus cwjpwm tawm tsam kev tawm tsam tsoomfwv. Maximilian Voloshin tsis tau zoo, nws nyiam kom koom nrog kev kawm tus kheej. Tib lub xyoo 1899 Voloshin tau ua nws qhov kev tawm tsam ua tus thuam hauv phau ntawv xov xwm "Kev Xav Hais Lus Lavxias". Ntxiv mus, nws qhov kev tshuaj xyuas thaum ntxov tsis tseem muaj npe kos npe. Thawj tsab xov xwm, nyob rau hauv uas authorship ntawm Voloshin tau qhia, tau hu ua "Hauv Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Hauptmann". Cov ntawv sau no, luam tawm nyob rau hauv tib lub Lavxias Xav Zoo nyob rau xyoo 1900, yog, qhov tseeb, ib qho ntawm cov yeeb yam hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev ua kom zoo nkauj ntawm kev niaj hnub.
Voloshin thaum pib ntawm xyoo pua 20th
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua tshiab, Maximilian Voloshin tau mus ncig ntau thiab nrog kev lom zem thoob plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe. Ib zaug, thaum nws hais lus ntawm Sorbonne, nws ntsib tus kws sau paj nruag bohemian Margarita Sabashnikova. Lub Plaub Hlis 1906 nws tau sib yuav thiab pib nyob hauv St. Petersburg. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis ntev Margarita raug coj los ntawm lwm tus kws sau paj lug - Vyacheslav Ivanov, leej twg, raws li hmoov yuav muaj nws, nyob ntawm ib sab. Qhov no coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias tsev neeg thaum kawg tsoo.
Voloshin thawj phau ntawv hu ua kev xav tsis zoo - “Kwv huam. Xyoo 1900-1910”. Kev tshaj tawm ntawm phau ntawv no tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb rau Lav Xias-hais lus neeg zej zog hais txog lub sijhawm ntawd. Los ntawm 1910 txog 1914, ntau qhov tseem ceeb tshaj xov xwm thiab kos duab ua haujlwm los ntawm Voloshin tau luam tawm.
Xyoo 1914 nws tau tawm lub tebchaws - thawj zaug mus rau Switzerland, thiab tom qab ntawd rau Fabkis. Yog vim li cas rau kev mus txawv tebchaws yog qhov tseeb: tus kws sau paj nruag tsis xav coj caj npab thiab koom kev koom tes nrog Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ib. Nws tau hais tawm nws txoj kev tawm tsam pacifist kom meej meej hauv cov kab lus ntawm "Paris thiab Tsov Rog" thiab hauv kev sau ntawm kev sau tawm tsam kev tawm tsam "Anno mundi ardentis".
Voloshin rov qab mus rau Crimea tsuas yog xyoo 1916. Nws lees txais Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj Tawm Tsam Tawm Tsam uas tawg tawm rau xyoo tom ntej raws li kev coj tsis tau thiab ua kev sim rau Russia. Lub sijhawm muaj kev kub ntxhov hauv lub xyoo ntawm kev ua tsov rog, nws tawm tsam kev ua kom siab dua, hais kom cov neeg los ua neeg. Hauv nws lub tsev hauv Koktebel Voloshin cawm ob "dawb" thiab "liab" los ntawm kev tsim txom. Hauv tshwj xeeb, tus naas ej laus nplog liab Bela Kun tau mus nkaum hauv nws lub tsev rau qee lub sijhawm. Thaum cov "liab" tua tag tus "neeg dawb" ntawm ceg av qab teb, Voloshin (qhov no, tau yooj yim los ntawm nws txoj kev sib txuas) tau muab daim ntawv pov thawj kev nyab xeeb rau nws lub tsev thiab muab cov nyiaj laus. Ntawm qhov tod tes, txij li xyoo 1919 Voloshin cov ntawv sau tau tso tseg tsis pub luam tawm hauv cov ntawv tshaj tawm tseem ceeb.
Xyoo dhau los thiab tuag
Xyoo nees nkaum, Voloshin ua haujlwm hauv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hauv zos, tau koom nrog keeb kwm hauv zos thiab kev kawm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg ua liaj ua teb, thiab tau rov ua cov khoom pov thawj ntawm nws tus kheej xim dej (yog li nws tshaj tawm nws tus kheej li tus kws tshaj lij txuj ci). Lub sijhawm xyoo no, Voloshin lub tsev dhau los ua hom kev mus nrhiav chaw rau cov neeg sau ntawv. Bulgakov, Zamyatin, Mandelstam, Tsvetaeva, Chukovsky, Khodasevich, thiab lwm yam tau nyob ntawm no qee zaum qee tus qhua tau mus txog ntau pua.
Xyoo 1927, Maximilian Voloshin tau sib yuav dua zaum ob rau tus nais maum Maria Zabolotskaya. Txij li xyoo 1922, Maria tau, raws li lawv hais, nws tus kheej tus neeg hauv tsev - nws tau saib xyuas tus kws sau paj huam niam. Nrog nws tus poj niam thib ob, Maximilian muaj hmoo heev: nws ua siab ntev tiv thaiv txhua yam kev nyuaj ntawm kev sib yuav thiab txhawb nqa tus kws sau paj huam mus txog thaum nws tuag.
Maximilian Voloshin tuag ntawm txoj hlab ntaws xyoo 1932. Maria Zabolotskaya, uas tau nyob rau ntau dua plaub caug xyoo, tau tswj los khaws yuav luag txhua yam ntawm nws tus txiv lub tswv yim cuab yeej cuab tam thiab lub tsev qub. Nws yog nws tseem yog ib thaj chaw tseem ceeb ntawm cov ceg av qab teb niaj hnub no.
