Shota Rustaveli uas yog Georgian statesman thiab tus kws sau paj lug ntawm xyoo pua kaum ob, yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub npe hu ua tus tsim ntawm zaj paj huam "The Knight in the Panther's Skin". Qhov tswv yim no yog suav tias yog qhov tshwm sim tseem ceeb tsis yog hauv Georgian, tab sis kuj tseem nyob rau hauv thoob ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv.
Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub neej Rustaveli thiab nws cov lus paj huam loj
Muaj cov lus qhia tsawg kawg txog kev paub txog keeb kwm ntawm tus kws sau paj huam. Nws yug los, feem ntau yuav yog nyob rau xyoo 1172 (hnub tim tsis paub meej) hauv lub zos Rustavi. Thiab nws tau txais lub npe menyuam yaus "Rustaveli" raws li nws qhov chaw yug. Raws li qee qhov lus ceeb toom, tus kws sau paj huam nruab nrab yog ib tsev neeg muaj koob meej nyob hauv tsev neeg. Hauv nws cov paj huam, tus neeg sau ntawv thov tias nws yog Meskh (raws li cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ib qho ntawm pawg neeg tsawg ntawm Georgians hu lawv tus kheej).
Shota tau txais nws qhov kev kawm hauv tim Nkij teb chaws, tom qab ntawd yog tus neeg sau nyiaj ntawm tus poj huab tais Tamara (qhov no muaj pov thawj los ntawm Rustaveli kos npe ntawm daim ntawv sau hnub 1190). Tus kws sau paj lug nyob rau lub sijhawm thaum Georgia yog ib lub xeev muaj zog thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob ntawm lub tsev hais plaub ntawm poj huab tais hluas, raug mob siab rau kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov kws sau paj lug. Tamara nws tus kheej patronized paj huam.
Nws pom tseeb tias Rustaveli yog ib tus neeg muaj kev txawj ntse heev - qhov no tuaj yeem nkag siab los ntawm cov ntawv sau "The Knight in Panther's Skin". Tus kws sau ntawv tau pom meej meej txog kev sau ntawv Persian thiab Arabic, nrog lub tswv yim ntawm Plato, nrog rau qhov pib ntawm cov neeg Greek cov kws sau paj lug thiab cov lus qhuab qhia.
Tus kws sau nws tus kheej tau hais nyob rau hauv kaum rau tus qauv hais tias zaj dab neeg yog kev yoog raws ntawm "Persian zaj dab neeg." Tab sis cov kws tshawb nrhiav tseem tsis pom muaj cov phiaj xwm zoo sib xws hauv cov ntawv sau ntawm Persia thaum ub. Lub protagonist ntawm paj huam yog tub rog ntawm Tariel. Nws sim nrhiav thiab tso nws cov neeg nyiam Nestan-Darezhan, uas tau raug kaw hauv lub tsev tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog … Tab sis cov paj huam nyiam tsis tsuas nrog cov phiaj xwm nthuav, tab sis kuj nrog cov lus aphoristic: ntau cov kab ntawm epic nws thiaj li tig mus ua sayings. thiab paj lug.
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm Rustaveli thiab Tamara
Nws yog feem ntau tias poj huab tais Tamara yog tus qauv ntawm Nestan-Darejan. Muaj ntau tus legends hais txog txoj kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus pas ntsuas loj ntawm Georgian thiab tus kws sau paj huam Rustaveli. Ib qho ntawm cov lus dab neeg hais tias, txawm tias nws hlub Tamara, Rustaveli raug yuam kom yuav lwm tus pojniam hu ua Nina. Qee lub sijhawm tom qab tshoob, Tamara kom tus kws sau paj lug sau txhais ua lus Georgian ua ib qho lus los ntawm cov lus sib ntaus shah. Shota ci ntsa iab ua tiav qhov kev txiav txim no, tab sis tib lub sij hawm tsis kam muab nqi zog rau nws txoj haujlwm, uas yog, nws qhia kev ua neeg siab. Thiab ib lub lim tiam tom qab ntawd, tus kws sau paj huam tua thiab txiav caj dab los ntawm ib tug neeg.
Lwm cov lus dab neeg hais tias Rustaveli, tsis muaj peev xwm thev tsis taus qhov tseeb tias tus poj huab tais tsis pauj rau nws, txiav txim siab muab lub ntiaj teb tso tseg thiab siv nws lub hnub kawg hauv chav ntawm lub nroog Yeluxalees lub tsev teev hawm ntawm Holy Cross.
Rustaveli hauv Yeluxalees thiab hnub kev tuag
Daim duab tus kws sau paj huam pom ntawm ib qho ntawm nws kab ntawv ua tim khawv rau Rustaveli nyob hauv Monastery ntawm Holy Cross. Thiab qhov kos npe ntawm daim duab no qhia tias Rustaveli kuj tau koom rau hauv kev tha xim ntawm lub tsev tsim kev ntseeg no.
Nws yog qhov muaj peev xwm heev uas Rustaveli tau mus rau Yeluxalees tom qab Tamara tuag (nws tuag tsis pub dhau 1213). Thiab yog vim li cas rau nws tawm mus nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tsis tuaj yeem yog kev hlub rau tus poj huab tais, tab sis, piv txwv li, ua yeeb ncuab nrog lub Catholicos (uas yog, nrog tus neeg sau siab tshaj ntawm Georgian Orthodox Church) John.
Rustaveli lub neej xaus rau 1216. Yim xyoo dhau mus, tab sis Rustaveli thiab nws txoj haujlwm tseem nco txog: lub tshav dav hlau thiab txoj kev hauv plawv nroog hauv Tbilisi muaj npe tom qab nws. Thiab nyob hauv qee lub nroog Lavxias (piv txwv, hauv Moscow, Vladikavkaz, St. Petersburg, Omsk, Ufa, Chelyabinsk) muaj txoj kev Rustaveli.
