Leej Twg Yog "rau Caum"

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Leej Twg Yog "rau Caum"
Leej Twg Yog "rau Caum"

Video: Leej Twg Yog "rau Caum"

Video: Leej Twg Yog
Video: dab neeg tu siab - lub neej twg tsi tim niam ntsuab teev cov neej neeg 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Lub rau caum yuav yog cov neeg uas tau yug nyob rau hauv rau caum. Vim li cas? Ua lub npe kom meej rau tag nrho ib tiam. Tab sis, qhov no tsis yog qhov xwm txheej. Lub rau caum yog tswvyim hais ua dabneeg. Txawm hais tias qee tus ntawm cov uas feem ntau hu ua uas yog cov neeg muaj tiag thiab tseem nyob nrog peb.

Czechoslovakia 1968
Czechoslovakia 1968

Leej twg muaj rau caum? Lawv puas yog cov neeg ntawm tib lub sijhawm lossis lub ntiaj teb pom? Tej zaum qhov kev taw qhia no hauv kev kos duab, zoo, zoo li Tus Neeg Tshaj Lij, piv txwv? Lawv tau ua dabtsi thiab lawv ploj ntog qhov twg? Muaj ntau cov lus nug. Qhov txaus nyiam tshaj plaws yog tias tag nrho cov lus nug no tau nug thiab txuas ntxiv raug nug los ntawm tsis yog cov neeg tuaj hla cov lus no, tab sis kuj yog cov uas, dhau thiab en masse, tau nyob rau hauv qhov no, cia hais tias, kev coj.

Tsis tag li

Qee tus neeg ib zaug hu ua pab pawg coob ntawm cov neeg sib txawv, thaum pib ntawm lawv txoj kev muaj tswv yim lossis lawv cov neeg muaj tswv yim zoo nyob rau hauv 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, subculture. Thiab lub sij hawm mus taug kev ntawm lub net. Tab sis cov ntsiab lus no tsis saib xyuas, vim nws yog qhov tseeb tsuas yog hauv ib qho tib si uas txhais tau lub npe hu ua subculture: tseeb, txhua tus neeg uas feem ntau hu ua sixties txawv ntawm cov kab lis kev cai los ntawm lawv tus kheej cov kab ke ntawm qhov tseem ceeb. Sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem ideological ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tau tsim los ntawm lub xeev. Thiab nws yog txhua yam. Txhawm rau cais cov neeg sib txawv heev, feem ntau sib txawv ntawm cov neeg, mus rau qee yam "subculture" yog tib yam li hu tag nrho cov ntseeg ntawm lub ntiaj teb, tsis hais txog kev lees txim, kev ua subculture. Vim li cas tsis? Tom qab tag nrho, lawv muaj yuav luag tib cov nqi zog. Tab sis nws tsis yog.

Ntawm cov neeg uas tau txais qib ntawm rau caum, cov neeg nto moo tshaj plaws yog, tau kawg, cov neeg uas tau koom nrog paj huam thiab nkauj sau lossis sau ntawv. Kev hais lus txog rau caum xyoo, thawj tus yuav los rau hauv siab yog cov npe ntawm phaib thiab paj huam: Bulat Okudzhava, Alexander Galich, Alexander Gorodnitsky, Yuri Vizbor, Gennady Shpalikov, Bella Akhmadulina, Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Andrei Voznesensky, lossis cov neeg sau paj lug - Vasily Aksenov, cov kwv tij Arkady thiab Boris Strugatsky, Vladimir Voinovich. Kuv nco qab txog cov thawj coj thiab cov ua yeeb yam: Oleg Efremov, Kira Muratova, Georgy Danelia, Marlene Khutsiev, Vasily Shukshin, Sergei Parajanov, Andron Konchalovsky, Andrei Tarkovsky, Mikhail Kozakov, Oleg Dal, Valentin Gaft. Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, Vladimir Vysotsky, uas nws tsis paub meej qhov twg yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi, yog li multifaceted. Tab sis peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog cov kws tshawb fawb thiab tib neeg cov cai tiv thaiv uas tsis muaj leej twg muaj rau caum xyoo tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim: Lev Landau, Andrei Sakharov, Nikolai Eshliman, Gleb Yakunin, Lyudmila Alekseeva thiab lwm yam.

Hmoov tsis, tsis muaj lus teb meej rau cov lus nug - leej twg yog "sixties". Los yog koj tuaj yeem tso nws zoo li no: rau caum yog ib tiam. Cov neeg tsim nws yog qhov txawv heev, thiab peb txhua tus muaj hmoo tias lawv, pib ntawm cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm kev tsim, tsim lub caij nyoog no uas txuas ntxiv cuam tshuam lub hlwb thiab kev xav ntawm lub neej.

Atlanteans tuav lub ntuj

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, cov qub mythological rau caum yog cov cwm pwm muaj tswv yim. Txawm hais tias cov sau nkauj tsis txawj hais lus thiab cov kws tshaj lij ua: paj huam, kws tshawb fawb, bards, sau ntawv, neeg pleev kob, kws tsim qauv, ua yeeb yam, tus thawj coj, geologist, astrophysicists thiab neurophysiologist, navigators thiab lej, kws soj ntsuam, kev txawj ntse thiab kws txawj ntawv, lawv yog Atlanteans ntawm tiam nees nkaum. Atlanteans, uas tau yug los rau kev vam meej ntawm cov neeg ntawm kev muaj txiaj ntsig thiab kev hwm, rau tus qauv ntawm txhua yam yog kev ywj pheej. Tsuas yog kev ntseeg tau: kev ntseeg ntawm tib neeg lub meej mom.

Qhov system totalitarian caij zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv nrog lub tank thiab lwm tus neeg los ua tus neeg tsis sib haum, vim hais tias ib zaug ntsib kev xaiv tawm mus rau lub xwmfab lossis nyob hauv tsev, tawm tsam qhov tsis txaus siab ntawm lub system lossis txuas ntxiv mus ntxhi hauv chav ua noj, lawv xaiv kev nqis tes ua: tawm mus rau lub xwmfab, sib sau ua ke thiab kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov phooj ywg ntawm cov txheej txheem tsis ncaj ncees. Txwv tsis pub, lawv yuav tsis muaj peev xwm ua neej nyob, zoo li tus kws sau paj lug Natalya Gorbanevskaya thiab tus kws sau ntawv thiab neurophysiologist Vladimir Bukovsky.

Ntau ntawm lawv tau sim nyob sab nraud kev nom kev tswv, hauv thaj chaw ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm tus ntsuj plig thiab kev muaj tswv yim, kom txog rau thaum kev coj noj coj ua rau lawv nyob ze thiab lawv raug yuam tawm mus tom qab - hauv xyoo xya: Vladimir Voinovich, Vasily Aksenov, Andrei Sinyavsky, Andrei Tarkovsky.

Cov neeg uas tseem nyob hauv USSR tau haus tag nrho ntawm kev txom nyem terry stagnation ntawm 70s thiab lub sijhawm tsis nyob rau thaum ntxov 80s: ib tug neeg ua ke rau hauv lub system thiab los ua tus kws tshaj lij los ntawm kev tsim kho, lossis tib neeg cov cai ua haujlwm-ua haujlwm, zoo li Vladimir Lukin, ib tug neeg hlawv tawm thaum ntxov, yaum kom lub cev nrog ntau yam tshuaj uas tsis tuaj yeem sawv nws dhau kev yeem.

Lawv tsis yog txhua tus neeg ntawm tib tiam neeg. Ntawm lawv yog cov neeg yug hauv lub sijhawm lig 20, feem ntau ntawm lawv nyob rau xyoo plaub caug, thiab qee qhov nyob hauv ib nrab-forties ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Qhov pib ntawm kev ua ntawm txhua ntawm lawv kuj tsis ua raws nraim xyoo 1960. Piv txwv li, ib qho ntawm cov muaj tswv yim zoo tshaj plaws pab pawg thiab tus cev lus rau lub tswv yim ntawm sixties - Sovremennik Theatre - yug hauv 1956, yuav luag tom qab kev tuag ntawm Stalin, thaum nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm cov yaj tau muab cov neeg tawm tsam-cov neeg ua phem smog yaj dua li ib-feem rau ntawm thaj av. Yog lawm, nws yog lub sijhawm thaum lawv pib tshwm - rau caum.

Puas yog nws kov tau lub sijhawm ntawd? Sim mloog nws? Vim li cas. Qhov no tuaj yeem pab los ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab hauv lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws no: "Kuv muaj nees nkaum xyoo lawm" los ntawm Marlen Khutsiev, "Kuv tus tij laug" los ntawm Alexander Zarkhi, "Tus sau xov xwm" los ntawm Sergei Gerasimov, "Lub rooj sib tham luv luv" los ntawm Kira Muratova, "Muaj yog tus txiv neej zoo li no "los ntawm Vasily Shukshin," Zaj dab neeg ntawm Asya Klyachina, uas hlub tab sis tsis tau sib yuav "los ntawm Andron Konchalovsky," Kuv taug kev ncig Moscow "los ntawm Georgy Danelia," Aybolit-66 "los ntawm Rolan Bykov.

Zoo zais cia. Hlawv ua ntej nyeem

Lub rau caum ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem tau nqus tus ntsuj plig ntawm kev ywj pheej thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Cov no yog xyoo ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv ntiaj teb hauv kev saib xyuas.

Tebchaws Asmeskas, Western thiab Sab Tebchaws Europe, Nyijpooj, Guatemala thiab Angola, Australia thiab Thaib, Suav thiab Argentina, Mexico thiab Brazil … Kuj muaj cov yeebyam tsim kev kub ntxhov thiab cov nyom, Molotov cocktails thiab tawm tsam kev tawm tsam loj, kev ua rog tiv thaiv rog thiab kev tawm tsam haiv neeg. Cov. Cov tub ntxhais kawm txawj ntse-cov neeg ua haujlwm Fabkis txoj kev hloov pauv ntawm xyoo 1968 thiab kev ua tub rog ntawm lub Soviet Army mus rau hauv Czechoslovakia hauv tib lub xyoo - ob txoj haujlwm ntawm kev xav ywj pheej thiab kev ua tag nrho rau lub sijhawm ntev tau txiav txim siab qhov kev vam meej thiab kev taug ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, uas tau pom lawv tus kheej raws nraim nees nkaum xyoo tom qab.

Tib neeg lub tswv yim, kev sib daj sib deev thiab thev naus laus zis (tsim thawj cov koos pij tawj) - txhua qhov no kuj yog los ntawm 60s. Raws li kev ntaus suab paj nruag ntawm The Beatles, pob zeb, zaj duab xis cov ntsiab lus thiab tau nthuav dav ntawm kev txawj ntse thiab kev xav, kev cog qoob loo ntawm kev ywj pheej thiab kev ywj pheej cov ntsiab cai thiab txiaj ntsig.

Xyoo 60 ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem hloov lub ntiaj teb. Cov tswv yim uas pib muaj ntxiv mus hloov nws. Txawm hais tias qhov poob qis ntawm 70s thiab lub sijhawm tsis ncav 80, lub tshuab pib ntawm kev hloov kho dua tshiab ntawm kev xav tseem muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev vam meej thiab cov ncauj lus tshiab hauv cov teb chaws hauv ntiaj teb, txhawb cov neeg tawm tsam, kev sib koom tes thiab kev ua.

Lub rau caum nrog ib-feem-6 ntawm thaj av tau ntev dhau los ua nroog legends. Cov ntawm lawv cov uas tseem muaj sia nyob, zoo li cov uas tawm ib tus dhau ib tus, tab sis tus uas tau tshwj tseg lawv cov tswv yim raws li qhov tseeb ntawm mythical Titans, los ntawm lub zog ntawm tus ntsuj plig, cov hluas lub siab thiab kev xav, cuam tshuam thiab phiaj rau cov menyuam yau. Qhov no txhais tau tias muaj kev cia siab rau kev tawm tsam thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm kev sib raug zoo.

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