Keeb kwm raws li kev tshawb fawb yeej ib txwm muaj qhov hnyav tseem ceeb hauv zej zog. Kev txaus siab nyob hauv keeb kwm yuav tsum tsis txhob ploj mus. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm keeb kwm yog txhawb los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb uas mob siab lawv lub zog rau kev tshawb nrhiav kev ua haujlwm. Cov lus no tseem siv tau rau tus kws tshawb fawb Alexander Borisovich Kamensky.
Biography
Tus Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm Alexander Borisovich Kamensky yog haiv neeg Muscovite. Yug hauv 1954. Tau txais kev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv Tsev Kawm Ntawv Phaj Siab Moscow ntawm lub npe hu ua N. K. Krupskaya. Cov lus tshaj tawm tau mob siab rau Lavxias lub xeev apparatus ntawm xyoo pua 18th. Tom qab, kev ua haujlwm tau pib hauv Central Archives. Nws tau qhia ntawm Lavxias State University rau Humanities, tom qab ntawd dhau los ua tus thawj saib xyuas keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm Kev Tshawb Fawb Lub Tebchaws.
Nyiam tshaj kaum yim xyoo pua
A. B. Kamensky tau sau ntau yam ntawv qhia, ntawv sau, ntawv nyeem. Nws txaus siab nyob rau xyoo pua 18: kev hloov pauv ntawm Peter I, Catherine II, teeb meem ntawm lub neej ntawm townspeople, archiving, thiab lwm yam. Nws tseem tau txhawj txog teeb meem ntawm lub neej niaj hnub, piv txwv li, cov lus nug ntawm kev qhia keeb kwm hauv cov tsev kawm qib siab thiab cov lus nug ntawm dab tsi yuav tsum muaj cov phau ntawv keeb kwm. Ib qho ntxiv, nws txoj kev tshawb fawb tau suav nrog kev nrhiav caj ceg thiab cov ntawv sau keeb kwm.
Qhov rai kom muaj lub ntiaj teb tshiab
Txhua tus paub tias 18 xyoo pua yog hloov chaw rau Russia. Tus kws sau ntawv tau coj txoj cai lij choj ntawm 18th caug xyoo, cov ntawv sau ntawm Peter Great, cov haujlwm ntawm Catherine II thiab lwm tus neeg xeev, suav nrog cov tsis muaj qhov tseeb, qee phau ntawv keeb kwm luam tawm nyob rau xyoo pua puv 19, thiab lwm yam yog qhov ua rau nws li ntawv "Los ntawm Peter I Paul Kuv ".
Kev soj ntsuam lub sijhawm ntawm Peter kev hloov pauv, A. Kamensky ntseeg tias kev hloov kho ntawm Peter Kuv tau ntsib qhov kev xav tau sab hauv ntawm Lavxias lub xeev thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th.
Lwm cov lus nug tseem ceeb tau nug txog hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm A. Kamensky yog seb cov kev hloov kho ntawm tsoomfwv Lavxias yav tom ntej tuaj yeem suav tias yog kev txuas ntxiv ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm cov kev hloov pauv yav dhau los. Kev tsom xam kev hloov kho kev coj ua ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm Peter I, tus kws sau keeb kwm teb cov lus nug no tau zoo.
Yog li, thawj xyoo tom qab kev tuag ntawm Peter Great, txoj kev hloov pauv hauv lub tebchaws tsis tsum. Raws li kev hloov pauv los ntawm Peter I txog Paul I, ib haiv neeg tau txais kev paub tshiab, nplua nuj thiab siv tau zoo.
Catherine II yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg hloov pauv tebchaws Lavxias tshaj plaws
A. Kamensky, txheeb xyuas lub neej ntawm 18 xyoo pua hauv nws tsab xov xwm, nyob ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm Catherine II. Cov kws sau keeb kwm ntsuas nws cov dej num ntawm kev sib txawv. Thiab nyob rau hauv zej zog muaj banal cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tus poj huab tais no: muaj ntau tus txiv neej hauv nws lub neej.
Qee cov kws sau keeb kwm tau sib cav hais tias lub caij nyoog Catherine yog lub hnub nyoog kub ntawm Lavxias keeb kwm. Muaj tseeb. Kev kawm vam meej. Lub tswv yim tsim ntawm cov kws sau ntawv thiab cov neeg pleev kob yog nyob rau hauv tag nrho tawg. Qhov kos duab ntawm Opera tau yug los. Lub sijhawm no Lavxias tsis plam ib qho kev ua rog thiab txawm tias ntxiv rau thaj av.
Hauv kev ua nom ua tswv hauv tebchaws, Catherine yog tus neeg mloog ntawm cov tswv yim ntawm enlighteners. Denis Diderot, uas tau tuaj rau hauv Russia, qhia nws. Nws mloog zoo, tab sis tsis tau sim ua raws li nws hais. Tus poj ntsuam hais tias nws lub tswv yim yog bookish, tab sis hauv kev xyaum txhua yam tsis yog li ntawd. Tus poj huab tais to taub zoo kawg nkaus hais tias nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum paub lub siab ntawm tib neeg thiab nws yog qhov tsim nyog los npaj nws rau kev kho pauv maj mam. Nws tus kheej sau txoj cai.
Yog li, raws li keeb kwm A. Kamensky, Catherine Great yog ib qho ntawm cov kev hloov pauv hloov tshaj plaws, vim nws tau tswj hwm nws txoj haujlwm tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam loj.
Thiab lub neej ntawm townspeople yog nthuav
Txhawm rau piav qhia txog lub neej ntawm cov tib neeg nyob rau xyoo 18th, A. Kamensky tau xaiv lub nroog Bezhetsk, uas tau nyob hauv Tver xeev.
Cov kws sau keeb kwm qhia txog tsis yog cov chaw nyob ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub nroog no xwb, tabsis tseem rau sab kev ua txhaum ntawm lawv lub neej, siv kev hais plaub thiab tub ceev xwm. Nws txheeb xyuas lub neej ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv nroog, tsev neeg kev sib raug zoo, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg nyob sib ze thiab neeg pej kum. Qhov haujlwm no ntawm kev ua yeeb yam zoo kawg nkaus ntawm keeb kwm nthuav tawm cov duab tshaj plaws ntawm lub nroog Lavxias.
Ib lo lus hais txog thawj tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Russia
A. Kamensky pib tsab xov xwm "Nws Tau …", sau nyob rau xyoo 2000, nrog cov lus piav qhia txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm B. Yeltsin hauv TV ntawm Xyoo Tshiab Hmo thiab lub xeev kev poob siab ntawm cov neeg uas tau npaj rau Xyoo Tshiab ntawm lub lub caij.
Kev txheeb xyuas cov haujlwm ntawm B. Yeltsin, tus kws tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm tias thawj tus thawj coj ntawm Lavxias yog ib tus neeg phem tshaj plaws nyob hauv keeb kwm Lavxias. A. Kamensky tsab xov xwm piav txog B. Yeltsin uas yog ib tus neeg paub txog kev kawm thiab muaj peev xwm ua raws li yam tshiab. Nws zoo li yuav muaj peev xwm khaws cov tswv yim yoov.
A. Kamensky tseem nyob rau ntawm qhov yuam kev ntawm thawj tus thawj tswj hwm, ntawm qhov loj tshaj plaws yog Chechnya. Tus kws tshawb fawb hu nws tus kheej tsis tau. Tej zaum ib tug neeg yuav hu nws ua txhaum.
Tus kws sau hu cov xwm txheej xyoo 1991 yog ib qho kev hloov "tiag tiag".
Ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub tebchaws, B. Yeltsin yog lub luag haujlwm rau nws haiv neeg, thiab tshwj xeeb, rau txhua tus. Hauv qhov no, A. Kamensky nco qab ib rooj plaub los ntawm lub neej ntawm cov kws paub txog plaub hau uas, muaj tsev neeg thiab cov nyiaj tau los zoo, mam li nco dheev txiav txim siab thaum xyoo 1980s tau mus tua hauv Afghanistan. A. Kamensky xav tsis thoob, nug txog vim li cas thiaj ua li ntawd thiab hnov cov lus teb, vim nws tau nthuav dav. Ib zaj dab neeg zoo sib xws nrog rau ib tus neeg paub txog ntawm nws, uas tau ua haujlwm ua tus pab tshawb fawb laus hauv nruab nrab-70s. Peb pom txhua lwm yam nyob rau ob peb xyoos tom qab. Nws hloov tawm tias nws tiv thaiv. Thiab nws cov lus teb tau zoo ib yam: "Nws yog li nthuav."
Ntawm qhov kawg ntawm tsab xov xwm, tus neeg sau piv ob lub ntsiab lus: txoj kev kav ntawm B. Yeltsin thiab kev kav ntawm Catherine II thiab nws cov xeeb ntxwv, Alexander thiab Nicholas. Txawm hais tias lawv ntshai tsam indignation ntawm lub nom muaj tswv, lawv to taub tias yog tsis muaj kev tshem tawm ntawm serfdom yuav tsis muaj kev txhim kho hauv lub tebchaws.
Keeb kwm yog qhov kev txaus siab thiab ua haujlwm ntawm lub neej
A. B. Kamensky tau muab tsub rau lub txiaj ntsig hauv kev qhuas ntawm 850th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Moscow. Kev tshawb nrhiav cov haujlwm tau dhau los ua rau A. Kamensky lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv lub neej. Qhov kev koom tes los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb nto moo A. Kamensky rau kev tsim keeb kwm yog qhov tseem ceeb.
