Dmitri Shostakovich yog ib tug neeg tso ua yeeb yam Lavxias uas nws ntaus cim suab paj nruag thiab quartets yog ib qho piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ntaus suab paj nruag ntawm xyoo pua 20th. Nws cov qauv tau hloov zuj zuj ntawm qhov kev lom zem thiab kev ua yeeb yam sim ntawm thawj lub sijhawm, ntawm qhov kev ua yeeb yam Lub Cev thiab Poj Niam Macbeth ntawm Mtsensk tau ua piv txwv, rau qhov kev tu siab thaum kawg ntawm nws txoj haujlwm, uas Symphony No. 14 thiab Quartet No. 15 muaj.
Biography ntawm tus kws sau zoo
Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich yug hauv St. Petersburg xyoo 1906. Ib tug txiv neej muaj peev xwm tshwj xeeb tau txais nws txoj kev kawm suab paj nruag ntawm Petrograd Conservatory, qhov chaw uas nws raug txais thaum muaj hnub nyoog 13. Nws kawm txog kev kawm ntaus piano thiab cov nkauj, nrog rau kev coj ua ua ke.
Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1919, Shostakovich tau sau nws thawj txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ua kom tiav, lub npe Fis-moll Scherzo. Lub sijhawm tom qab lub kiv puag ncig tau nyuaj, tab sis Dmitry tau mob siab kawm thiab yuav luag txhua txhua hmo tuaj koom kev hais kwv txhiaj ntawm Petrograd Philharmonic. Xyoo 1922, leej txiv ntawm kev sau ntawv rau yav tom ntej tuag, thiab tsev neeg raug tso tseg tsis muaj ib qho kev ciaj sia. Yog li tus txiv neej hluas yuav tsum tau khwv tau nyiaj ua ib tus pianist hauv xinesmas.
Xyoo 1923 Shostakovich kawm tiav los ntawm Kev Saib Xyuas Kev Sau Tseg hauv piano, thiab hauv xyoo 1925 hauv kev sau. Nws cov hauj lwm tiav tiav yog Thawj Zaj Nkauj. Nws txoj kev lom zem pib ua ntej xyoo 1926, thiab thaum muaj hnub nyoog 19 Shostakovich los ua neeg ntiaj teb nto moo.
Tsim Ntuj Tsim Teb
Hauv nws cov hluas, Shostakovich tau sau ntau yam rau kev ua yeeb yam, nws yog tus sau nkauj rau peb tus neeg ntaus npas thiab ob qhov kev ua yeeb yam: Lub Nose (1928) thiab Poj Niam Macbeth ntawm Mtsensk District (1932). Tom qab muaj kev tawm tsam hnyav thiab pej xeem kev ntseeg hauv xyoo 1936, tus kws sau ntawv hloov txoj kev coj thiab pib sau cov haujlwm rau chav ua yeeb yam. Ntawm cov tsim ntau ntawm orchestral, chamber thiab lub suab nkauj, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog ob lub voj voog ntawm 15 lub suab paj nruag thiab 15 txoj hlua ntawm plaub sab. Lawv yog cov ntawm cov neeg nquag ua haujlwm tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 20.
Thaum pib ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich tau pib ua haujlwm ntawm Seventh Symphony ("Leningrad"), uas tau dhau los ua lub cim ntawm kev tawm tsam kev tsov rog. Lub sijhawm ua tsov ua rog xyoo, Lub Yim Caj Qaum kuj tau sau cia, uas tus kws tsim tawm them khoom plig rau neoclassicism. Xyoo 1943, Shostakovich tsiv tawm ntawm Kuibyshev, qhov chaw nws nyob lub sijhawm thaum raug tshem tawm, mus rau Moscow. Hauv peev txheej, nws tau qhia ntawm Moscow Conservatory.
Xyoo 1948, Shostakovich raug cem thiab raug thuam ntawm pawg thawj coj ntawm Soviet composers. Nws raug liam ntawm "kev cai" thiab "ua muag muag rau sab hnub poob." Xws li xyoo 1938, nws tau dhau los ua tus neeg tsis txaus siab. Nws raug rho tawm ntawm lub npe ntawm tus xibfwb thiab liam ntawm kev tsis meej.
Shostakovich tau sib raug zoo ua ke nrog qee cov neeg ua yeeb yam loj tshaj plaws ntawm nws lub sijhawm. Evgeny Mravinsky ua si ntawm thawj ntawm ntau ntawm nws cov haujlwm orchestral, thiab tus kws sau nkauj tau sau ob peb qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj rau tus nkauj laus tsim txom David Oistrakh thiab cellist Mstislav Rostropovich.
Xyoo tsis ntev los no, Shostakovich tau raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo thiab tau raug kho hauv tsev kho mob thiab sanatoriums ntev. Tus ua qauv tsim txom mob ntsws thiab mob leeg. Lub suab paj nruag ntawm nws lub sijhawm lig, suav nrog ob zaj nkauj, nws tom qab ua tiav, nws lub suab tom kawg thiab Sonata rau viola op.147 (1975), yog qhov tsaus ntuj, xav txog ntau yam kev ntxhov siab. Nws tau tag sim neej rau lub nroog Moscow rau lub Yim Hli 9, 1975. Faus rau ntawm Novodevichy tojntxas.
Tus kheej lub neej
Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich tau sib yuav peb zaug. Nina Vasilievna - thawj tus poj niam - yog tus astrophysicist los ntawm txoj haujlwm. tab sis tso tseg kev tshaj lij fab kev kawm txuj ci, nws mob siab rau nws tsev neeg nkaus xwb. Hauv kev ua txij ua nkawm no, ib tus tub Maxim thiab ib tus ntxhais Galina yug los.
Qhov kev sib yuav thib ob nrog Margarita Kainova poob sai heev. Shostakovich tus poj niam thib peb, Irina Supinskaya, ua haujlwm ua tus editor ntawm Sovetsky Kompozor tshaj tawm hauv tsev.
