Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws monument ntawm Sumerian sau ntawv yog ib ntsiav tshuaj los ntawm Kish, uas tau sau hnub rau kwv yees li 3500 BC. Lub Sumerians ua cov ntsiav tshuaj los ntawm av nplaum, kom txog thaum cov khoom thaum kawg ua rau tawv tawv, cov ceg nraub qaum tau thov rau lawv nrog daim txiag ntoo. Tom qab, hom kev sau ntawv no tau hu ua cuneiform.
Cov Lus Qhia
Kauj ruam 1
Thaum lub sij hawm khawb ntawm lub nroog Uruk, cov ntsiav tshuaj av nplaum tau pom los ntawm kwv yees xyoo 3300 BC. Qhov no pub cov kws tshawb fawb xaus tias kev sau ntawv tau pab txhawb kev tsim kho sai sai ntawm cov nroog thiab kev tsim kho tiav ntawm zej tsoom. Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj yog lub tebchaws Elam, thiab nruab nrab ntawm tus dej Tigris thiab Euphrates - lub tebchaws Sumerian. Ob lub xeev tau koom nrog kev lag luam, thiab yog li ntawd muaj kev xav tau sau ntawv nrawm. Hauv Elam, pictograms tau siv, uas yog tus Sumerians yoog.
Kauj ruam 2
Hauv Elam thiab Sumer, tokens tau siv - av nplaum puab ntawm ntau yam duab, uas txhais tau ib qho khoom (ib tshis lossis ib tug yaj). Qee lub sijhawm tom qab, cov cim pib pib siv rau tokens: serifs, luam tawm, daim duab peb sab, lub voj voog thiab lwm yam duab. Tokens tau muab tso rau hauv cov thawv uas muaj lub cim. Txhawm rau nrhiav kom paub txog cov ntsiab lus, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau, suav cov nti thiab txiav txim siab lawv cov duab. Tom qab, ntawm lub ntim nws tus kheej, lawv tau pib xaiv qhov twg tokens hauv nws. Tsis ntev, cov chips no tau poob lawv lub ntsiab lus. Lub Sumerians tau txaus siab nrog tsuas yog lawv tus luam tawm ntawm lub khob, uas tau tig los ntawm pob mus rau hauv ib lub tiaj tiaj tiaj tiaj. Nrog kev pab ntawm cov ces kaum thiab lub voj voos ntawm cov paib, cov hom thiab cov naj npawb ntawm cov khoom lossis cov khoom tau qhia. Los ntawm txhais, txhua cov cim tau pictograms.
Kauj ruam 3
Ntev dhau los, kev sib txuas ua ke ntawm pictograms tau ruaj khov. Lawv lub ntsiab lus muaj lawv cov duab. Yog hais tias ib tug noog nrog lub qe tau pleev xim rau ntawm lub phaj, tom qab ntawd nws yog hais txog kev muaj me nyuam thiab tsim tau los ua lub tswv yim paub daws teeb. Pictograms los ua homograms (cov qauv ua piv txwv ntawm lub tswv yim).
Kauj ruam 4
Tom qab 2-3 xyoo dhau los, cov style ntawm Sumerian sau ntawv tau hloov ntau yam. Txhawm rau kom nyeem tau yooj yim, cov cim tau tau teem rau hauv kab npoo - ntu me. Tsis tas li ntawd, tag nrho cov cim uas siv tau pib tau xwm txheej inverted 90 degrees counterclockwise.
Kauj ruam 5
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm ntau cov lus thiab cov ntsiab lus tau muab qauv siv dhau lub sijhawm. Tam sim no cov ntsiav tshuaj muaj peev xwm thov tsis yog rau tsab ntawv ntawm kev teem caij tswj kev tswj hwm, tab sis kuj tsim cov ntawv sau dab neeg. Hauv II BC, Sumerian cuneiform twb tau siv rau hauv Middle East.
Kauj Ruam 6
Thawj zaug sim sau cov ntawv Sumerian tau los ntawm Grotefend hauv nruab nrab ntawm xyoo 19th. Rawlinson tom qab txuas ntxiv nws ua haujlwm. Qhov kev kawm ntawm nws txoj kev kawm yog phau ntawv Behistun. Tus kws tshawb fawb pom tias cov ntsiav tshuaj uas poob rau hauv nws txhais tes tau sau ua peb yam lus thiab sawv cev rau Elamite thiab Akkadian cov ntawv sau - cov xeeb ntxwv ncaj qha ntawm Sumerian sau ntawv. Thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, tom qab ntawd cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cuneiform tau kawg txiav txim siab ua tsaug cov phau ntawv txhais lus thiab cov ntaub ntawv nyob hauv Nineveh thiab Npanpiloos. Niaj hnub no cov kws tshawb fawb sim nkag siab txog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm Proto-Sumerian sau ntawv - qhov qauv ntawm Sumerian cuneiform sau ntawv.
