Kev lom zem thiab koob tsheej yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab lis kev cai kev coj noj coj ua thiab keeb kwm ntawm txhua lub xeev. Lawv tau rais los mus thoob plaws thaum pib ntawm XIII-XIV ib-paus xyoo, thaum kev lag luam los ntawm cov nroog thiab cov xeev nyob sib ze tau muaj kev kub ntxhov thiab yuav tsum tau ua qauv qhia ntawm cov khoom lag luam. Ntxiv nrog rau kev lag luam, cov fairs tau muab sijhawm rau kev sib pauv ntawm kev paub thiab kev paub, zoo li yog qhov chaw lom ze thiab yog qhov chaw ntawm lub chaw noj mov neeg.
Keeb kwm ntawm cov tsos ntawm fairs
Qhov tsim thiab tsim ntawm fairs muaj keeb kwm ntev. Thaum pib, fairs pab txhawb nqa cov kev nrhiav chaw nyob tshiab thiab cov nroog, raws li lawv tau nyob ntawm qhov kev sib tshuam ntawm cov kev lag luam loj thiab cov kev. Ib feem ntawm cov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev muag mus rau kev tsim kho hauv nroog thiab kev txhim kho ntawm kev tsim kho hauv nroog.
Kev tsim kho cov haujlwm ncaj ncees, ntxiv rau kev tsim cov nroog, tau pab txhawb kom muaj kev lag luam thiab cov khw muag khoom - cov kev lag luam tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tiav zoo. Thiab tseem ua rau muaj kev rov tshwm sim ntawm cov tsev kawm ua haujlwm, vim tias tus tswv, uas tau txais koob npe nrov hauv kev ncaj ncees, muaj txoj cai xaiv thiab qhia tub ntxhais kawm.
Lub sijhawm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho fairs yog XII-XIII xyoo pua. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, kev lag luam ncaj ncees tau dhau los ua nyob hauv Europe, Asia thiab Middle East. Thaum pib, lawv tau teem sijhawm ua ke nrog cov hnub so kev cai dab qhuas, tab sis twb tau nyob hauv Nrab Hnub nyoog, fairs tau mus txog qib tshiab thiab pib hais txog qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv lub neej hauv nroog. Thaum muaj kev ncaj ncees, cov tub ua lag luam, cov kws txawj txua, cov tub luam, cov neeg ncig xyuas yeeb yam, cov neeg muaj hmoo, cov kws ntaus nkauj, lwm yam tuaj rau hauv nroog. Coob tus ntawm kev mus xyuas cov neeg tau pab txhawb kev lag luam thiab kev ncig xyuas nroog, ntxiv rau lub sijhawm ntev tau ua rau nws qhov chaw ntawm kev ua koob tsheej thiab kev lom zem.
Keeb kwm ntawm fairs hauv Russia
Thawj lub rooj fiab hauv Lavxias tau tshwm sim thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 11th thiab tau hu ua "torzhok". Lawv tau coj, raws li txoj cai, ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm cov lag luam tseem ceeb, tau nyob hauv ib qho khoom lag luam thiab tau kav ntev li ob peb hnub xwb. Los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th, cov tub lag luam txawv teb chaws pib tuaj rau hauv lub zos "bazaars", uas tau pab txhawb kev txhim kho cov haujlwm ncaj ncees. Txog thaum xyoo pua 17th, cov rooj sib tham steel tau tuav thoob plaws lub tebchaws.
Lub fairs nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias teb sab yog:
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Moscow
- Orenburg
- Barnaulskaya
- Irbit
Cov rooj nthuav dav ntev li ob lub hlis, lub sijhawm ntawd muaj peev xwm yuav dab tsi, los ntawm cov khoom noj khoom noj mus rau cov khoom txawv teb chaws ib yam. Nizhny Novgorod Ncaj Ncees yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj npe, txij thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 nws tau dhau los ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub tebchaws. Ntxiv rau cov tub lag luam Lavxias, Pawxia, Armenians, Suav, Tebchaws Europe thiab ntau tus tub luam txawv tebchaws tuaj ntawm no. Lub sijhawm ntawd muaj txawm hais tias: "Moscow yog lub plawv, St. Petersburg yog lub taub hau, thiab Nizhny Novgorod yog lub hnab tshos ntawm Lavxias teb sab."
Lub sijhawm Nizhny Novgorod Fair, cov neeg nyob hauv nroog tau nce ntawm 20,000 txog 200,000! Kev nyab xeeb rau cov neeg hauv nroog, cov tub ua lag luam thiab caij so haujlwm tau muab los ntawm tub ceev xwm thiab cov neeg saib xyuas uas tuaj txog ntawm cov nroog nyob sib ze.
