Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub ceev xwm nyob hauv txhua lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb no yeej zoo ib yam, txawm tias muaj lub npe sib txawv ntawm txoj haujlwm no hauv txhua lub xeev. Thawj thawj zaug cov lus "tub ceev xwm" tshwm sim nyob deb 1859 - yog li nws tau hloov pauv li cas tom qab ntau xyoo?
Unofficial npe menyuam yaus
Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, lub npe tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau tub ceev xwm yog tub ceev xwm, uas yog suav tias yog qhov luv luv ntawm Constable on Patrol. Tsis tas li, nws cov keeb kwm tau cuam tshuam nrog lo lus tooj ("tooj liab") - thawj tub ceev xwm Asmeskas tau hnav yim lub yim hnub qub ua los ntawm tooj liab. Hauv tebchaws Askiv, tub ceev xwm raug hu ua "kev yaum" - lub dag zog los ntawm Robert Peel, tus tsim ntawm British tub ceev xwm thiab tus nto moo Scotland Yard. Hauv Lavxias thiab Ukraine lawv feem ntau hu ua "cops".
Niaj hnub no, nyob rau ntau lub tebchaws (suav nrog tebchaws Aas Kiv), cov npe ntawm cov tub ceev xwm tau hloov zuj zus los ntawm lo lus Miskas "cop".
Nyob rau hauv Fabkis, lub npe zoo tshaj plaws rau cov tub ceev xwm yog lo lus "flick", uas tau tshwm sim li ntawm xyoo pua puv 19. Lub npe menyuam yaus no sawv cev rau "ya", tab sis tus witty Fabkis tau muab nws ntxiv rau kev rho npe - Federation Legale des Idiots Casques (Kev Cai Lij Choj ntawm idiots hauv kaus mom hlau). Ntxiv rau cov flick, hauv Fabkis, tub ceev xwm feem ntau hu ua "ajan" los ntawm lo lus "tus neeg sawv cev" lossis poule (nqaij qaib). Hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, tub ceev xwm raug xa mus rau qhov tsis tuaj raws li Bulle (bull), hauv Spain - poli, thiab hauv Ltalis - "sbirro" (muab los ntawm cov xim liab ntawm lub teeb).
Raug raws ntaub ntawv
Hauv ntau lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe, cov tub ceev xwm tau ib txwm hu ua tub ceev xwm. Hauv tebchaws Lavxias, lawv tsuas yog hais raws li tus tub ceev xwm. Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Ukraine, tub ceev xwm hu ua "mіlіtsіoners" lossis "mіlіtsіyantsy". Tus Fabkis hais txog saib tub ceev xwm yog "tub ceev xwm", thiab cov neeg Italians yog "carabinieri". Tub ceev xwm German hu ua "tub ceev xwm", Spanish - policiaco (ntxhov siab ntawm tsab ntawv I). Hauv South America, tub ceev xwm tub ceev xwm raug xa mus rau yooj yim xws li agente lossis comisario.
Lo lus "tub ceev xwm" muaj tib lub suab hauv txhua lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb thiab yog los ntawm lus Greek los ntawm "xeev txoj cai" lossis "xeev".
Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Tebchaws Poland, tub ceev xwm hu ua "tub ceev xwm", thiab hauv Norway - "constable". Cov Portuguese hu xov tooj rau cov tub ceev xwm hais plaub, thiab Finns hu lawv poliisi. Vim tias muaj ntau hom "kev tawm tswv yim" ntawm cov npe ntawm cov tub ceev xwm txoj haujlwm, cov kws tshawb fawb hauv xeev feem ntau pom tias nws nyuaj cais cov tub ceev xwm lub cev mus rau hauv kev cais tshwj xeeb, thaum tseem nyob hauv lub moj khaum ntawm lub xeev cov haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog ib txwm ua tau kom meej meej rau cov tub ceev xwm thiab cov koom haum tshwj xeeb kev ruaj ntseg hauv xeev, txawm tias muaj cov npe dav dav thiab nkag siab tau rau cov haujlwm no.
