Tau ntau tshaj li ib puas xyoo, Nobel Tshaj Lij tau muab txhua xyoo rau cov kws tshawb fawb uas tau ua qhov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau tib neeg, thiab rau cov kws sau ntawv uas tau tsim cov ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.
Alfred Nobel cov lus tim khawv
Chemist, engineer thiab inventor Alfred Nobel ua nws lub hmoov feem ntau los ntawm kev tsim cov khoom zoo thiab lwm yam khoom tawg. Ib lub sijhawm, Nobel los ua ib tus neeg nplua nuj ntawm ntiaj teb.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, Nobel muaj 355 qhov kev tsim tshiab.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub koob meej uas nyiam los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb tsis tuaj yeem hu tau zoo. Xyoo 1888, nws tus tij laug Ludwig tuag. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm kev ua yuam kev, cov neeg sau xov xwm sau hauv ntawv xov xwm hais txog kev tuag ntawm Alfred Nobel nws tus kheej. Yog li, muaj ib hnub nws nyeem nws tus kheej cov ntawv luam tawm hauv xov xwm, ntu npe "Tus Tub luam hauv Kev Tuag yog Tuag." Qhov xwm txheej no ua rau cov kws tsim kho xav txog qhov kev nco qab zoo ntawm nws yav tom ntej. Thiab Alfred Nobel hloov pauv qhov nws xav ua.
Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tshiab ntawm Alfred Nobel tau tawm tsam cov neeg tsim khoom hauv cov neeg txheeb ze ntau, uas tau tseg nrog tsis muaj dab tsi thaum kawg.
Tus tshiab yuav tau tshaj tawm tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus plhom leej tub, xyoo 1897.
Raws li daim ntawv no, tag nrho cov khoom ntawm Nobel lub rooj noj mov thiab tshem tawm tau hloov mus rau hauv peev, uas, nyeg, yuav tsum muab tso rau hauv ib lub txhab nyiaj txaus siab. Cov nyiaj tau los ntawm lub peev no yuav tsum tau muab faib txhua xyoo rau tsib qhov sib npaug thiab muab rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tus nqi zog rau cov kws tshawb fawb uas tau ua qhov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, chemistry, tshuaj; cov kws sau ntawv uas tau tsim cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws; ntxiv rau cov neeg uas tau ua qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws "rau kev sib koom tes ntawm cov haiv neeg, kev tshem tawm ntawm kev ua cev qhev lossis kev txo qis ntawm cov tub rog uas twb muaj lawm thiab kev txhawb nqa kev sib haum xeeb" (kev thaj yeeb).
Thawj zaug laureates
Kev lig kev cai, thawj nqi zog yog muab rau hauv kev kho mob tshuaj thiab physiology. Yog li thawj tus yeej tus Nobel laureate xyoo 1901 yog tus kws kho mob los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees Emil Adolf von Bering, uas tau txhim kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau kabmob qa foob
Tom ntej no yam khoom plig yog laureate hauv physics. Wilhelm Roentgen yog thawj zaug tau txais cov khoom plig no rau kev tshawb pom ntawm cov duab tshav muaj npe tom qab nws.
Tus thawj yeej Nobel nqi zog ntawm kev qhia txog chemical yog Jacob Van't Hoff, uas tshawb nrhiav cov cai ntawm thermodynamics rau ntau yam kev daws teeb meem.
Tus thawj kws sau ntawv tau txais cov khoom plig siab no yog René Sully-Prudhomme.
Kev thaj yeeb yog qhov kawg yuav tsum tau txais. Xyoo 1901, tau muaj kev sib cais ntawm Jean-Henri Dunant thiab Frederic Passy. Dunant, uas yog ib tug tib neeg los ntawm Switzerland, yog tus tsim ntawm International Committee ntawm Red Cross (ICRC). Tus yawg Fab Kis Fab Kis yog thawj coj ntawm lub zog kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb hauv Tebchaws Europe.
