Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib cais cov tshuaj sib txawv hauv kev sib tov kom tau txhua qhov hauv daim ntawv ntshiab yog hu ua chromatography. Nws tau tsim los ntawm Lavxias tus kws tshawb fawb, botanist thiab cog biochemist, Mikhail Tsvet. Tus kws tshawb fawb qhov kev txiav txim siab tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev cog ntoo physiology.
Qhov pom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Mikhail Semenovich Tsvet tau raug lees paub hauv txhua lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb. Txawm li cas los xij, tom tsev, txoj kev sib cais ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw tsis tau siv. Yog lawm, ntau xyoo lub npe ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb tseem tsis nco qab.
Txoj kev mus rau kev pom
Daim ntawv qhia txog tus kheej ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej pib thaum xyoo 1872. Tus menyuam tau yug hauv lub nroog Italian ntawm Asti hnub tim 14 lub Tsib Hlis. Nws kawm ntawm Swiss lub tsev kawm, tau txais kev kawm ntxiv hauv University of Geneva.
Tom qab ua tiav nws txoj kev tshawb fawb xyoo 1893, ib xyoos tom qab, Xim tau txais qhov khoom plig Devi zoo tshaj plaws rau nws txoj haujlwm ntawm kev kawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Ob xyoos tom qab, nws tiv thaiv nws cov lus qhuab qhia doctoral.
Tus kws tshawb nrhiav hluas tsis kam lees yuav ua haujlwm rau ntawm ib qho ntawm European qeb. Nws rov qab mus rau Tebchaws Russia xyoo 1896, ua haujlwm hauv chav kuaj, kawm chlorophyll thiab sim muab cov tshuaj hauv nws daim ntawv dawb huv.
Kev ua haujlwm hloov tau yooj yim, tab sis cov teeb meem tsis tau tso tseg tus kws tshawb fawb. Nws txiav txim siab los sim cov adsorption filtration txoj hauv kev coj ua. Mikhail Semenovich nchuav qhov muab rho tawm ntawm cov nplooj rau hauv lub khob raj uas muaj kua chalk hmoov, tom qab los ntawm kev haus cawv.
Ua tau zoo thiab ua tiav
Cov txheej txheem ua rau nws ua kom tiav cais cov pigments. Daim duab zoo nkauj ntawm kab txaij zoo nkauj tsis zoo nkauj hu ua chromatogram. Cov kev sim tau nqa tawm thaum xyoo 1902 txog 1906. Qhov kev tshawb pom tau pom los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav thaum xyoo 1907.
Thaum Lub Yim Hli ntawm tib lub xyoo, Tsvet tau tsim nws tus kheej lub neej. Helen Aleksandrovna Trusevich, uas yog tus ua haujlwm hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv hauv Warsaw Veterinary University, los ua tus xaiv nws, thiab tom qab ntawd nws tus pojniam. Mikhail Semenovich qhia agronomy thiab botany hauv tsev kawm ntawv.
Xyoo 1910, ib txoj haujlwm ntawm cov ntawv sau chromatography tau luam tawm. Qhov zoo ntawm qhib tau txais tam sim ntawd kom zoo dua hauv Tebchaws Europe. Cov npoj yaig Lavxias tsis lees txais nws cov haujlwm. Qhov no tsis tiv thaiv nws tsis tau txais lub meej mom Academy of Science nqi zog rau cov ntawv sau npe "Chromophylls hauv cov tsiaj thiab cov tsiaj".
Xyoo 1917, xibfwb Tsvet ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub chaw saib xyoob ntoo ntawm University of Yuriev, tamsis no Tartu. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tuaj txog ntawm German cov tub rog tau yuam tus kws tshawb fawb kom khiav tawm hauv lub nroog. Hauv xyoo 1918, cov kws tshawb nrhiav tau raug xaiv tsa lub npe hu ua Nobel Prize hauv Tshuaj.
Saib lub ntsab lug
Qhov kawg ntawm 1918 Tsveta tsev neeg tsiv mus rau Voronezh. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau muab rau hauv qhov chaw hauv lub vaj xyoob ntoo.
Mikhail Semenovich tau tas sim neej xyoo 1919, thaum lub Rau Hli 26. Nws sau 67 daim ntawv pov thawj kev tshawb fawb, tab sis tom qab xyoo 1920 tag nrho cov archive ploj lawm. Tau ntau xyoo tsis txawm lub npe ntawm tus tsim tawm ntawm cov ntawv chromatography tau hais. Lub caij no, cov npoj yaig European txhawb kev siv hom.
Nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub kaum-peb xyoo uas tus kws tshawb fawb German Lederer nrhiav pom cov ntawv sau ploj ntawm Cov Xim hauv cov ntawv teev tseg ntawm University of Warsaw. Nws tau qhia lawv rau nws cov npoj yaig los ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Biochemistry ntawm USSR Academy of Sciences. Lawv tau txaus siab rau qhov kev nrhiav pom.
Cov qauv tau los ua tus thawj hauv hauv biochemistry. Nrog nws cov kev pab, ntau cov tshuaj tau los hauv cov ntawv ntshiab, cais tawm ntawm DNA nucleus.
