Cov ntawv xov xwm tau tshwm sim raws li cov neeg xav tau cov ntaub ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev tshwm sim ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm kev lag luam tau tsim ntxov dua li ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm lawv tus kheej. Qhov no yog kev sib kis ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, tshwm sim ntawm kev luam ntawv xovxwm thiab kev txhim kho ntawm kev vam meej thoob plaws.
Qhov xav tau muab cov xov xwm
Ntev ua ntej txoj kev los sau ntawv, tib neeg muaj kev xav hloov xov xwm. Cov neeg tshwj xeeb tau taug kev hauv cov nroog thiab cov zos, tshaj tawm ib puag ncig yug, kev tuag thiab lwm yam xwm txheej hauv lub neej. Tom qab hauv Rome qub, muaj qauv qauv ntawm cov ntawv sau phau ntawv sau - ua yeeb yam. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, cov neeg Loos tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov xwm txheej hauv lawv lub tebchaws. Kuj tseem muaj ntawv xov xwm xov xwm hauv Suav teb thiab.
Nws tsim nyog hais tias los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm xyoo pua 15, cov ntawv luam tawm twb muaj lawm. Qhov no tau yooj yim los ntawm kev tshwm sim ntawm kev luam ntawv xovxwm hauv Ltalis. Nyeg, cov ntawv xov xwm raug luam tawm, txawm yog ntawv sau. Lawv tseem nyob ntawd txoj kev kom txog thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th. Yeej, lawv txoj haujlwm tau poob rau Ltalis, hauv qee qhov chaw cov ntawv xov xwm sau ntawv tau muaj nyob hauv lub tebchaws Yelemees. Tseem muaj cov neeg tshwj xeeb los ua tus sau cov ntawv xov xwm, qhov hu ua "xov xwm sau ntawv".
Raws li cov dab neeg mus, thawj daim ntawv xov xwm luam tawm tau tshwm sim hauv Venice thaum pib ntawm 16 caug xyoo. Ua ntej ntawd, lub teb chaws muaj ntawv tshaj tawm txhua lub limtiam thiab cov neeg tshwj xeeb "avizotori" uas tshwj xeeb rau kev sau ntawv xov xwm.
Txawm li cas los xij, hauv cov foos uas cov neeg nyeem niaj hnub no ua rau pom cov ntawv xov xwm, Fab Kis tau tshaj tawm rau lub ntiaj teb. Nws tshwm sim thaum lub Tsib Hlis 30, 1631. Cov ntawv luam tawm hu ua La Gazeta. Nws tau tawm hauv qhov nqi ntawm ntau txhiab daim ntawv luam. Tus tswv tuav ntawv tso cai ntawm La Gazeta yog Renaudot.
Txawm li cas los xij, xibtes hauv kev tshaj tawm ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm luam tawm tau mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees. Rov qab rau hauv 1609, Ntawv Xov Xwm Strasbourg Txheeb Ze: Aller Furnemmen tau tshwm sim. Nws lub chaw luam ntawv thiab tshuab luam ntawv yog Johann Karolus. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias lub xyoo tseeb ntawm kev tshaj tawm ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm no tsis tau paub.
Lavxias "Vedomosti"
Lavxias, raws li ib txwm, poob qis tom qab Europe, thiab ntawm qhov teebmeem no ib yam nkaus. Thawj phau ntawv xov xwm Lavxias "Vedomosti" pib ua haujlwm thaum xyoo 1703, thaum Peter Kuv tuaj txog lub zwm txwv. Lub sijhawm ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm sau ntawv lub tebchaws tsis dhau lub tebchaws. Hauv kev tshwj xeeb, "Cov Neeg Ruaj Ntseg", tsim ntawm tus qauv ntawm Cov ntawv xov xwm Western European, nyiam kev nyiam ntawm cov neeg nyeem ntawv.
Thawj cov ntawv xov xwm Lavxias luam tawm me me - me dua me me tsis yog ntawv sau. Tsis zoo li Fabkis Cov ntawv xov xwm La Gazeta, uas tau tshaj tawm txhua lub lim tiam, Vedomosti tshwm sim tsawg dua li ib zaug hauv 23 hnub.
Nws yog nthuav tias Tsar Peter nws tus kheej tau koom nrog hauv kev kho cov teebmeem thawj zaug. Raws li kev txheeb cais, 39 cov teeb meem ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm no tau luam tawm xyoo 1703. Tom qab, cov ntawv xov xwm tau hloov npe tshiab "St. Petersburg Vedomosti".
