Matveev Andrei Matveevich (1701-1739) - ib qho ntawm thawj emissaries ntawm Peter I mus rau Western Europe kawm kos duab. Ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm secular painting thiab duab nyob rau hauv Russia. Icon cov neeg pleev kob, sau ntawm allegorical, zoo nkauj thiab monumental compositions. Tsev hais plaub tus neeg mob.
Xyoo 1739, Irina Stepanovna, tus neeg pleev kob tus poj niam, tom qab nws tuag qhia tias "nws tseem nyob tom qab nws tus txiv Matveyev nrog nws cov menyuam yaus thiab tias nws tsis muaj nws lub cev mus faus nws lub cev."
Emperor Peter I thiab tus laus so Andrei Matveev hauv Western Europe
Nws yog qhov nyuaj kom nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv ntseeg tau hais txog lub xyoo thaum ntxov ntawm lub neej ntawm Lavxias portrait neeg pleev kob Matveyev Andrei Matveyevich. Yuav luag txhua qhov, hauv qhov kev piav qhia ntawm nws phau ntawv keeb kwm, lub npe ntawm Emperor Peter Kuv tau hais txog, leej twg pom tus tub tshaj lij thiab muab nws, raws li lawv hais, ib daim pib mus rau kev muaj tswv yim. Yog li nws tau lossis tsis yog, txawm li cas los xij, Peter The Great, tsis txaus ntseeg, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv txoj hmoo ntawm tus kws kos duab.
The crowned reformer zoo siab hlo kawm nrog Western craftsmen, nws ua haujlwm tau kaum plaub ua paj ntaub thiab cia siab rau kev mob siab rau zoo sib xws los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Lavxias txuj ci. Peter tau qhia kev cob qhia hauv Tebchaws Europe txog kev tsim kho nkoj, ua hnub qub, tsim txua thiab lwm yam txuj ci kev lag luam thaum them nyiaj hauv lub xeev "nyiaj laus". Cov kev taw qhia txuj ci tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb. Tus huab tais tau coj los ntawm cov haujlwm ua tiav hauv lub tebchaws: cov neeg ua yeeb yam tau xav tau los ua cov neeg tuaj koom rau hauv kev hloov pauv ntawm lub xeev, cov pabcuam hauv kev ua haujlwm science thiab txhawb txoj kev tshaj lij kev qhia ntawm lub teb chaws. Lavxias xav tau cov kws tshaj lij uas tuaj yeem piav qhia cov phau ntawv, kho, tsim cov duab kos thiab cov phiaj xwm, txhim kho ib qho twg: "Cov kws kos duab tsim nyog rau kev kos duab ua tus cev nqaij daim tawv, tshuaj ntsuab thiab lwm tus neeg ntuj tsim."
Thaum xub thawj, lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj ntawm qhov teeb meem tsis tau los yog tsis yog thawj qhov chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, Peter Kuv strove yuav tsis muaj kev phem dua li cov nyob hauv European tus kav txhua qhov txhua lub sijhawm. Nws xav kom muaj ib tiam neeg Lavxias masters mus tshwm sim hauv kev ua yeeb yam thiab. Ivan Nikitin thiab Andrey Matveev tau los ua thawj cov neeg so haujlwm ntawm Peter hauv daim duab profile. Andrey tau raug xa mus rau Holland kom tau txais kev kawm. Thaum ntawd nws muaj 15 xyoos. Tom qab ntawd nws kawm nyob hauv Flanders.
Rov qab los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yaj kiab Andrey Matveev rau Russia
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, Matveev siv 11 xyoo nyob rau sab hnub poob Europe thiab rov qab mus rau Russia hauv 1727. Txog lub sijhawm no, Peter Great tau tuag rau ob xyoos. Tej zaum Empress Catherine Kuv twb tuag lawm: nws tuag thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1727, thiab thawj zaug hais txog tus kws kos duab tom qab rov qab los ntawm txawv teb chaws rov qab los txog rau lub Yim Hli xyoo no. Txog Empress Matveyev thiab rau kev tuag ntawm Peter I hauv 1725 nws sau thiab xa nws cov haujlwm "Allegory of Painting", yog li qhia nws qhov ua tiav hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab, thaj, xav ncua nws lub sijhawm so haujlwm. Catherine nyiam nws, thiab Andrei Matveev tau tswj hwm kev kawm hauv Tebchaws Europe tau ob xyoos ntxiv. Daim duab no los ntawm lub sijhawm nws ua haujlwm Western European kev ua haujlwm tau raug tshwj tseg thiab nyob hauv kev sau ntawm Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias hauv St.
Andrey Matveev thiab pab pawg "picturesque" ntawm Tus Chancellery los ntawm cov tuam tsev
Lub Yim Hli 8, 1727, Alexander Danilovich Menshikov tau yuam kom tus Chancellery ntiav Andrei Matveyev los ntawm cov tuam tsev, thiab cov neeg pleev kob Karavakku tau raug qhia kom kuaj nws. Nag hmo tus pensioner ntse dhau qhov kev kuaj mob thiab nkag mus hauv qhov kev pabcuam hauv Chancellery. Lub chaw haujlwm no tau koom nrog kev kho kom zoo, tha xim thiab kho kom zoo nkauj hauv St. Petersburg thiab cov chaw ib puag ncig. Yog li xyoo 1730, nyob rau ib qhov ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm Peter thiab Paul Cathedral, daim duab "Sawv Ntawm Cov Thwj Tim Petus thiab Paul ua ntej Khetos" tau teeb tsa.
Xyoo 1731, tom qab cov kws txawj tsim tsa Mikhail Zemtsov thiab Domenico Trezzini paub tseeb tias Matveyev yog “kev txawj kos duab heev,” nws tau txais qhov theem ntawm “tus neeg pleev kob rau tus tswv” thiab yog thawj tus Lav Xias Chancellery los ntawm cov tuam tsev…. Raws li kev coj ua ntawm Andrei Matveyevich, cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm muaj peev xwm sib sau ua ke hauv "pab pawg neeg pleev xim", thiab qhov tseeb, nws tig mus rau hauv lub tsev kawm kos duab uas cuam tshuam rau kev tsim lub teb chaws kos duab ntawm 18 xyoo pua.
Andrey Matveev - cov neeg pleev duab hauv tsev
Ua ntej lub sijhawm ntawm Peter Great, kev kos duab ntawm ntiaj teb hauv tebchaws Russia tsis tau txhim kho. Lub portrait hom ntawv tsis muaj nyob. Ib qho ntawm thawj tus neeg pleev xim rau Lavxias yog Andrei Matveevich Matveev. Cov duab ntawm Italian tus kws kho mob I. A. Azaretti thiab Golitsyn tus txij nkawm, pleev xim los ntawm nws, tau muaj sia nyob rau peb lub sijhawm.
Tab sis qhov kev ua haujlwm tshaj plaws yog qhov Self-Portrait nrog Tus Poj Niam. Xyoo 1729, muaj ib qho xwm txheej tseem ceeb hauv Matveyev tus kheej lub neej: nws tau sib yuav Irina Stepanovna Antropova, nkauj muam nraug nus ntawm tus kws kos duab Alexei Antropov, uas yog nws cov tub ntxhais kawm. Tej zaum, kev tsim ntawm daim duab belongs rau lub xyoo. Muaj ntau nyob rau hauv nws - ib qho kev hloov tshiab: qhov no yog thawj daim duab ntawm tus kheej hauv kev pleev xim Lavxias thiab tib lub sij hawm thawj ob zaug thiab tsev neeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kws kos duab hauv kev ncaj ncees qhia txog kev hlub thiab kov nws lub siab mos siab muag ntawm ob niam txiv. Nws qhia tus poj niam sib npaug zos rau tus txiv neej, tsim nyog hwm thiab ua phooj ywg, uas tsis raug lees paub hauv zej zog ntawm 18 xyoo pua.
Qhov kawg ntawm lub neej ntawm Andrei Matveev
Nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm tus tub ntxhais hluas Peter II, thiab tom qab ntawd Empress Anna Ioanovna, txoj haujlwm ebullient ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm Peter the Great tau dhau los ua ib yam dab tsi dhau los. Andrei Matveev muaj qhov kev txiav txim siab tsawg tsawg rau kev ua haujlwm, thiab rau cov neeg uas tau ua, cov nyiaj them poob qis, thiab nws tau ncua sijhawm. Thaum tus kws kos duab tuag thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1739, nws tus poj ntsuam tsis muaj peev txheej yuav faus nws tus txiv.
