Kev tsim cov khoom ntawm dynamite yog cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov pob tawg ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub zog loj uas tau npaj rau kev ua haujlwm mining thiab kev tsim kho. Tab sis leej twg raws nraim invented dynamite, thiab dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev tsim no?
Vim li cas koj thiaj xav tau dynamite?
Nrog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev vam meej thiab thauj cov vaj tse, ib qho kev xav tau tshwm sim rau kev hloov pauv hauv ntuj kev cawm siav: kev tso ntawm cov qhov ntxa, kev tawg ntawm roob hav, thiab dej ntws ntawm cov pas dej. Nws sai sai tau pom tseeb tias lub zog tawg ntawm cov phom phom ntawm cov neeg tua phom tsis txaus, yog li cov kws kho mob pib nrhiav cov khoom tawg ntau dua. Ib qho ntawm cov khoom no yog nitroglycerin - cov kua ua kom tawg, lub zog tawg ntawm uas yog kaum zaus ntau dua li lub zog ntawm rab phom. Hmoov tsis zoo, nws cov khoom, kev khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los yog qhov txaus ntshai heev, vim tias nitroglycerin muaj kev cuam tshuam rau qhov kub thiab txias, muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thiab poob siab.
Dynamite inventor Alfred Bernhard Nobel yog ib tug kws ua tshuaj lom neeg ua haujlwm hauv nitroglycerin Hoobkas muaj los ntawm nws txiv. Nobel ua ntau qhov kev sim nrog cov khoom tawg, sim nrhiav txoj hauv kev nyab xeeb los tsim nws, vim tias qhov khoom tawg nyob hauv cov chaw lag luam zoo li no tsis yooj yim dua. Raws li qhov tshwm sim los ntawm ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej no, Alfred tus kwv yau, Emil tuag. Thaum kawg, Nobel tswj hwm los daws cov teeb meem kev nyab xeeb ntawm nitroglycerin ntau lawm, tab sis teeb meem kev thauj mus los thiab kev cia khoom tseem ceev heev.
Raws li qhov teeb meem nrog ntau qhov kev tsim muaj txiaj ntsig, qhov teeb meem no tau daws qhov teeb meem ntshiab los ntawm kev sib tsoo: ib qho ntawm cov hwj nrog nitroglycerin tsoo thaum lub sijhawm kev thauj mus los, tab sis txij li lub hwj tau thauj hauv crates nrog av ntxeem tau, qhov tawg tsis tshwm sim. Nobel ua qhov kev sim thiab pom tias cov av impregnated nrog cov kua tawg ua kua muaj qhov tsis kam tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam sab nraud, tib lub sijhawm tswj lub zog tawg. Xyoo 1867, Alfred Nobel patented dynamite - nitroglycerin tov nrog cov tshuaj nruab nrab. Cardboard tubs tau siv los ua ntim khoom.
Ib ntawm Nobel cov kws qhia ntawv, Lavxias chemist Nikolai Zinin, ua ke nrog cov tub rog engineer Petrushevsky, tib lub sijhawm tau tsim nws tus kheej version ntawm dynamite, uas nitroglycerin tau sib xyaw nrog magnesium oxide.
Tus nqi zog Nobel
Nobel kev tsim kho sai sai ua nrov. Hauv ib feem, qhov no tau ua kom yooj yim los ntawm kev tawm tsam tshaj tawm los ntawm tus tsim tawm: cov lus qhuab qhia rau pej xeem, kev qhia ua haujlwm, kev siv dynamite hauv tsoomfwv cov phiaj xwm kev tsim kho. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Nobel sai sai los ua kev nplua nuj thiab los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm nws lub neej muaj ob lub tuam txhab ua lag luam ntau lawm rau kev tsim cov khoom nplaum thiab cov khoom tawg. Txawm li cas los xij, pej xeem lub tswvyim liam Alfred Nobel ntawm kev tsim riam phom, khoom tawg rau cov tub rog, thiab hu nws cov nyiaj txiag "ntshav".
Nobel tsis xav kom nws lub npe tsuas yog cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov khoom tawg, yog li nws tau nplua nuj nws txoj hmoov zoo rau kev tsim cov khoom plig uas txhawb nqa cov kws tshawb fawb tshaj lij los ntawm thoob ntiaj teb.
Thaum xub thawj, cov khoom plig Nobel tau raug muab tsub rau hauv tsib lub npe: physics, chemistry, physiology thiab tshuaj, kev nqis tes ua los tsim kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb hauv ntiaj teb, thiab ntaub ntawv. Txij li xyoo 1969, kuj tau muaj khoom plig hauv kev lag luam.
Pawg Nobel nqi zog tseem ua haujlwm niaj hnub no, txhua xyoo muab nyiaj txiag rau cov kws tshawb fawb zoo tshaj plaws rau lawv cov kev tshawb fawb lossis kev tsim tawm.
