Islam yog tus yau tshaj ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov kev ntseeg, tshwm sim thaum pib ntawm xyoo pua 7 AD. Keeb kwm, thawj lub schism hauv Islam, uas tau tshwm sim li ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 7, tau sawv mus rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau cov lus qhia, nyob rau hauv uas muaj qhov sib txawv sib txawv.
Islam tsis yog ib qho kev ntseeg. Thaum ib nrab xyoo 7 ntawm AD xyoo pua AD. vim muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb txog qhov qub txeeg qub teg ntawm kev cai dab qhuas thiab lub ntiaj teb, 3 lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: Sunnism, Kharijitism thiab Shiism.
Tshav Ntuj Nrig
Sunnism yog qhov qauv loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Islam, vim hais tias yuav luag 90% ntawm cov neeg Muslims thoob ntiaj teb yog Sunnis. Lub Kaulees thiab Sunnah raug lees paub tias yog qhov chaw ntawm kev ntseeg, thiab tag nrho plaub caliphs tom qab Muhammad raug suav tias yog kev ncaj ncees. Yog li, Sunnism yeej ib txwm ua kev cai dab qhuas ntawm Arab Caliphate thiab tau ua raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus uas tus yaj saub tau tshaj tawm.
Feem ntau, Sunnis yog hu ua cov neeg ntawm qhov tseeb, professing orthodoxy. Nyob rau phau ntawv Koran thiab Sunnah, cov neeg ncaj ncees tau tsim ib txoj cai ntawm cov cai rau cov neeg Muslims, i.e. sharia.
Sunnism yog sawv cev hauv txhua lub tebchaws Muslim, tshwj tsis yog Lebanon, Oman, Bahrain, Iraq, Iran thiab Azerbaijan.
Ntxoov Yias
Thaum pib ntawm lub sijhawm thib ob ntawm lub xyoo pua 7, Shiism tshwm sim, uas hauv Arabic txhais tau tias yog tog lossis pawg.
Raws li cov lus qhia ntawm Shiites, tsuas yog xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Ali thiab Fatima, nqis los ntawm tus Yaj Saub Muhammad, muaj txoj cai los tuav lub luag haujlwm ntawm Caliph-Imam. Imams yog infallible hauv tag nrho lawv cov kev ua thiab kev ntseeg. Kev hwm ntawm martyrs yog dav heev ntawm cov neeg Shiites; kev ua koob tsheej ntawm Ashura yog nthuav tawm, uas yog ua kev zoo siab rau hnub thaum Ali Hussein raug tua.
Lub Kaulees tseem raug lees paub los ntawm cov hadiths hauv Sunnah, tus sau ntawm uas yog tus thib plaub caliph Ali thiab nws cov thwjtim. Cov neeg Shi tau tsim lawv tus kheej cov ntawv dawb ceev - akhbars, suav nrog hadith ntawm Ali.
Cov chaw pe hawm Vajtswv, ntxiv rau Mecca, suav nrog Najef, Karbala thiab Mashhad. Feem ntau cov neeg Shiites nyob hauv Azerbaijan, Iraq, Iran, Syria thiab Afghanistan.
Kharijitism
Kharijitism (los ntawm Arab. Cov neeg ntxeev siab) tau dhau los ua qhov kev ywj pheej thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 7. Kharijites ntseeg tias kev xaiv tsa ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab nom tswv kev tswj hwm yuav tsum raug xaiv tsa. Txhua tus ntseeg, tsis hais lawv daim tawv xim thiab keeb kwm, yuav tsum muaj txoj cai koom nrog kev xaiv tsa. Ib cov Muslim tuaj yeem raug xaiv los ua tus sawv cev ntawm Caliph Imam, tsis yog tus sawv cev ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb.
Cov Khij tsis tau hais txog qhov tseem ceeb dawb ceev rau ntawm sab kev ntseeg thiab kev coj noj coj ua. Lub Caliph Imam tsuas yog ua cov haujlwm ntawm tus thawj coj tub rog thiab tus tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev nyiam ntawm lub xeev. Zej zog uas xaiv tau tus nom tswv muaj cai txiav txim lossis rau txim rau nws yog nws tsis ua nws txoj haujlwm tau zoo los yog ua tus ntxeev siab lossis lim hiam. Kharijites ntseeg tias nyob hauv ntau thaj chaw nyias yuav muaj lawv tus kheej caliph-imams.
Lub Kharijites tsuas paub thawj ob lub caliphs, tsis kam lees cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm tsis paub qhov Kaulees, thiab tsis kam lees txais kev ntseeg ntawm kev ntseeg.
Twb tau nyob hauv xyoo pua VIII. Cov neeg Kharijites tau plam lawv tus yam ntxwv, thiab thaum lub sijhawm lawv cov zej zog sawv cev tsuas yog hauv qee thaj tsam ntawm Africa (Algeria, Libya) thiab hauv Oman.
