Cov duab puab plooj (porcelain figurines) zoo siab nrog lawv txoj kev zoo nkauj - tab sis qee lawv tus nqi qee zaum mus txawv. Thiab qhov no tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob. Tom qab tag nrho, txawm tias cov kev tawm dag cev yog cov khoom siv tes ua, qhov kev tsim khoom uas qee zaum yuav siv ntau tshaj ib hnub kev mob siab ua hauj lwm rau tus tswv. Qhov no tshwm sim tau licas? Txhawm rau nrhiav, cia wb mus ncig xyuas virtual ntawm cov laus tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab puab cov Hoobkas.
Porcelain figurines ntawm Imperial (Lomonosov) Porcelain Hoobkas muaj nqi thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Nws nyob ntawm no tias lawv tau pib tsim cov khoom lag luam plooj rau thawj zaug hauv tebchaws Russia (lub Hoobkas tau tsim rov qab rau xyoo 1744), thiab "ceg txheem" tau ua los ntawm cov khoom lag luam zoo heev, uas suav nrog statuettes.
"Menyuam roj hmab" - cov duab ntawm cov tsiaj thiab tib neeg - tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub Imperial Factory txij li ib nrab ntawm xyoo pua 18th. Ib qho ntawm nto moo tshaj plaws "pre-Soviet" cov duab kos duab kos duab ntawm IPE yog "Cov Neeg ntawm Lav Xias" (txog li ib puas tus duab puab piav qhia txog tus txiv neej thiab poj niam sawv cev rau cov neeg nyob hauv Lavxias teb chaws thiab hnav khaub ncaws hnav lub teb chaws). Tom qab ntawd, cov npe nrov tau ntxiv los ntawm hom "kev tshaj lij", uas sawv cev rau St. Petersburg industrialists, tus kws txawj txua khoom thiab cov tub luam.
Cov thev naus laus zis rau kev tsim cov plooj (veneers) duab puab tsis hloov txij thaum ntawd los - tsis muaj kev siv tshuab, tsuas yog ua haujlwm phau ntawv xwb.
Qhov chaw ntawm ua: rhiav ntawm cov khoom lag luam muaj txuj ci siab
Hauv chav ua haujlwm niaj hnub ntawm cov txuj ci tsim khoom tshiab ntawm IPE, los ntawm dab tsi tuaj yeem hu ua "cov khoom siv" tsuas yog qhov cub rau kev tua. Txhua tsav txhua yam yog ua los ntawm cov kws ua ntoo. "Ntawm qhov chaw nkag" - ib nrab dej ntawm cov plooj (porcelain loj) (nws hu ua khau khiab), "thaum tawm" - daus-dawb lub plooj (veneers) daim duab. Tsis muaj "kev faib tawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm" ntawm no, thiab txhua tus qauv yog tsim los ntawm ib tus neeg uas sib txuas cov kev tshaj lij ntawm tus caster, tus tsim teeb thiab tus glazer.
Qee cov khoom lag luam tom qab ntawd xa mus rau chav ua haujlwm tha xim - rau kev pleev xim, thiab cov khoom lag luam uas yuav tsum nyob twj ywm dawb yog tsim ntawm no ntawm qhov pib turnkey. Nyob rau hauv txee nrog cov qauv, cov phab ej ntawm The Nutcracker los ntawm Mikhail Shemyakin coexist nrog vases los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm Alexander I, avant-garde duab puab ntawm xyoo 1920 - nrog cov duab niaj hnub ntawm judoists.
Cov nroj tsuag tsim tawm coob tus thiaj li hu ua "replicas" (qhov rov ua dua) - cov qauv ntawm yav dhau los tseem nyob hauv kev xav tau, tau tig mus ua "classics". Tab sis nws tsis yooj yim raws li nws zoo li rov ua dua ib qho "ntau lawm" kev ua kom zoo nkauj daim duab, txawm tias muaj qhov qauv. Thaum tua hluav taws, cov plooj (veneers) yog "ci", thiab cov khoom tiav tiav yog txo loj - los ntawm 16-18%. Yog li ntawd, tus kws tshaj lij ua ntej yuav tsum tsim ib qho qauv loj, thiab tom qab ntawd "dismember" nws mus rau hauv qhov chaw uas yooj yim rau pov thiab sib dhos.
Rau txhua feem, cais nyias muaj nyias plaster tsim yog - nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem nyuaj ntawm cov duab puab, cov naj npawb ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem yog los ntawm peb txog kaum. Cov ntawv yog khaws cia ncaj qha hauv rooj cob qhia - ntawm cov kab loj loj, suav thiab kos npe. Piv txwv, zoo li qhov no: “Lenin hauv Smolny. Nthuav dav / Txhais ceg.
Los ntawm kev nthuav dav mus rau tag nrho
Daim plooj (porcelain figurines) tsis muaj qhov khoob nyob sab hauv. Thiab kev tsim cov duab figurine pib nrog kev pov ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Rau qhov no, daim foos npaj rau ib thooj ntawm cov duab puab yog ntim nrog cov khau khiab - ib qho ntxig sib xyaw kom zoo zoo li qab zib qab zib. Gypsum maj mam khaws cov dej noo - thiab, vim li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv greyish "crust" ntawm cov phab ntsa sab hauv ntawm cov pwm hauv ob peb teev. Thaum nws tau txais cov tuab uas yuav tsum tau ua, cov nplaig ntau dhau los tau nchuav tawm, qhov chaw raug tso cai kom qhuav thiab ua tib zoo tshem tawm ntawm cov pwm. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tua, cov xim grey yuav hlawv tawm thiab cov plooj zeb yuav tau nws cov xim dawb uas muaj npe nrov.
Tam sim no txhua feem ntawm cov duab puab yuav tsum muab tso ua ke - thiab, qhov zoo dua, "tsis muaj nqaws." Cov seem tau lo ua ke nrog tib lub nraub qaum, tsuas yog tuab dua - qhov chaw ntawm pob tw chaw yog coated nrog cov plooj (porcelain mass), thiab cov seem txuas nrog.
Tom qab ntawd, cov duab figurine yuav tsum tau qhuav - ib qho los ntawm kev sawv ntawm huab cua rau ib hnub, lossis los ntawm mus rau "ziab khaub ncaws" nrog cua sov.
Txoj hauv kev ci
Tom qab ziab, kev ua haujlwm ntawm daim duab pib "qhuav": nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ntxuav cov nqaws sab nraud tom qab cuam thiab, siv cov txhuam kom ntub thiab txhuam daim txhuam cev, nqa cov khoom ntawm thaj chaw kom zoo tag nrho, tshem qhov tsis sib xws.
Thiab tam sim no saum npoo tiav rau kev zoo tag nrho. Tab sis qhov khuam yuav nyob hauv lub shard - piv txwv li, cov kab nrib pleb tsis pom, uas yuav ua kom pom lawv tus kheej tsuas yog thaum tua, tig cov khoom rau hauv kev sib yuav kawg. Cov zais tsis raug tuaj yeem kuaj tau los ntawm cov roj av lossis fuchsin tswj hwm. Cov duab tsho yog tinted nrog cov mem hluav magenta - thiab cov khoom siv zais cia tam sim "tshwm sim", muab xim tsaus nti. Hauv qhov no, cov khoom hloov ntawm dawb huv mus rau dawb nrog paj ntaub feem ntau. Tab sis qhov no tsis txaus ntshai: thaum tua hluav taws, cov xim yuav hlawv tawm yam tsis muaj khoom seem.
Tam sim no, kom tau txais cov khoom ci ci zoo tom kawg, koj yuav tsum tau npog nws nrog ib txheej nyias ntawm ci. Glazing tsis yog lub luag haujlwm "kev pab cuam khoom" - unglazed porcelain nrog lub matte dawb, nplua-pored nto (biscuit) kuj tshwm sim, tab sis tsis tshua muaj nqi.
Cov nplaum ci muaj cov ntaub ntawv tib yam li plooj (porcelain), tsuas yog nyob hauv feem pua sib txawv, ntxiv rau, marble thiab dolomite ntxiv rau nws. Thaum tua lub ntsej muag, lub ntsej muag ci tuaj ua rau lub ntsej muag ci ntsa iab.
Muaj cov khoom lag luam zoo siab tau ci los ntawm tes: daim duab yog tau coj ntawm tes thiab muab tso rau hauv lub vat ntawm ci. Qhov saum npoo ntawm cov plooj plooj tsis khov yog qhov ntxeem tau - thiab lub ntsej muag ci tuaj rau nws tau ntev li ntawm ob peb feeb. Lub ci txheej yuav tsum yog nyias nyias, txwv tsis pub lub ntsej muag ci yuav nplawm thaum tua hluav taws.
Cov duab puab loj yog ci hauv ob kauj ruam, ntsaws rau hauv vat ua ntej nrog ib sab thiab tom qab ntawd nrog lwm tus. Miniature khoom yog "da dej" nkaus. Yog lawm, nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas cov neeg ua haujlwm ci lub ntsej muag kov cov khoom, "plaub hau daj" tshwm sim, uas tom qab ntawd smeared nrog txhuam. Qhov zoo, tag nrho cov hollow sculptures muaj ib lub qhov (feem ntau, hauv qhov sawv ntsug) - nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom cov cua kub tsis "kua muag" lub figurine thaum tua - thiab, yog tias lub qhov taub tso cai, daim duab yog ci, muab tso rau ntiv tes, lossis lwm yam kev daws teeb meem tau tsim. "Achilles pob taws teeb meem."
Tam sim no cov khoom muab tso rau ntawm kev sawv ntsug (cov duab puab siab uas tuaj yeem "ntswj" thaum lub tua hluav taws raug muab ntxiv nrog cov roj ntxiv "cov khoom". Thiab - rau hauv qhov cub, ntawm qhov kub ntawm 1400 degrees - daus dawb-plooj (porcelain) txuj ci tseem ceeb yuav tawm ntawm nws hauv ib hnub.
