Skomorokhs tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Russia tsis pub dhau lub xyoo pua 11th, tab sis cov neeg sawv cev ntawm txoj haujlwm no tau txais tshwj xeeb hauv koob meej hauv 15th-17th centuries. Keeb kwm ntawm lub npe no nws tus kheej tsis paub, tab sis feem ntau muaj cov lus qhia tias nws los ntawm Greek los yog Arabic version ntawm lo lus "jester" lossis "tus tswv ntawm kev tso dag".
Leej twg yog tus buffoons
Wandering ntxias tau hu ua buffoons hauv tebchaws Russia. Raws li txoj cai, lawv muaj ntau lub peev xwm, thiab yog li ntawd tuaj yeem hu nkauj, qhia dab neeg lom zem, ua yeeb yam ntau qhov yeeb yam, qhia tus lej acrobatic, ntaus cov twj paj nruag, cob qhia cov tsiaj thiab ua yeeb yam nrog lawv koom. Feem ntau, lawv tau siv lawv qhov kev txawj ntse los ua kev lom zem rau cov neeg tuaj saib ntawm kev nthuav dav, kev ua si, kev ua koob tsheej lossis kev ua koob tsheej.
Txhua tus qaib cawv yog feem ntau yog cov neeg uas hnov qhov kev cai dab qhuas. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm txoj haujlwm no paub ntau cov nkauj nkauj, yeeb yaj kiab, ditties, cov lus dab neeg, paj lug, lus hais, ntxiv mus, lawv tas li kawm cov tshiab thiab siv lawv thaum ua yeeb yam hauv ntau lub nroog thiab cov zos, "hloov" thiab yog li ntxiv dag zog rau lwm tus neeg. Ntau zaus, thaum lawv ua yeeb yam, buffoons tig mus rau cov pej xeem thiab txawm hais kom cov neeg koom nrog hauv kev sim los yog kev ua kom yuam kev, lossis ua kev lom zem ntawm cov neeg hla.
Tus twm ua dab tsi
Kev ua yeeb yaj kiab tseem ceeb tsis yog tsuas yog ua kev lom zem rau pej xeem xwb, tab sis kuj tseem raug luag thuam cov neeg khiav dej num, txiv plig thiab chav kawm sab saud. Lawv tau los nrog tso dag kub kub, ua yeeb yam tawm kev tshwm sim nrog cov menyuam roj hmab cov cim uas nws yooj yim kom paub txog lawv qhov qauv, thiab tseem siv tau hom ntawm hom kev lom zem. Rau kev ua yeeb yaj kiab - kev thuam - lawv tau xaiv cov khaub ncaws tshwj xeeb thiab lub ntsej muag, nrog rau cov twj paj nruag uas lawv txhim kho qhov txuas ntawm qhov ua tau zoo.
Ntawm chav kawm, parodies thiab satire, feem ntau siv los ntawm buffoons, tsis txaus siab rau tus txiv plig lossis cov tub ceev xwm hauv txhua lub sijhawm. Cov neeg ua yeeb yam raug tawm tsam, tua, txwv tsis pub, thiab tawm tsam hnyav. Thaum kawg, Archbishop Nikon txawm tswj kom ua tiav qhov txiav npluav ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm buffoons.
Qhov chaw hu ua dej maum tsis tau tsuas yog koom rau hauv kev ua yeeb yam. Txij li thaum lawv yog cov kws tshaj lij nyob rau hauv kab lis kev cai, lawv feem ntau raug caw mus rau kab tshoob kev kos, qhov twg cov neeg sawv cev ntawm txoj haujlwm no tau lom zem rau cov qhua muaj kev lom zem thiab kev tso dag tso luag yam tsis muaj kev lom zem, thiab tseem tau muab cov lus pom zoo ntawm kev coj ntawm kab tshoob kev ua tshoob thiab koom nrog lawv tus kheej. Ntxiv mus, cov hu ua buffoons paub txog ob qho kev cai pam tuag thiab kab ke, yog li lawv feem ntau tau siv lawv txoj kev pab thaum lub sijhawm los hais lus zoo rau tus neeg tuag thiab pom nws tawm ntawm nws txoj kev taug mus kawg.
