Tus kws sau ntawv Robert Louis Stevenson tseg cov kev sau ntawv zoo ntau yam keeb kwm. Nws yog nws leej twg yog tus tsim qhov tshiab ntawm "Cov Neeg Muaj Peev Xwm Island" thiab zaj dab neeg nrog lub npe ntev "Zaj Dab Neeg Nrov Ntawm Dr. Jekyll thiab Mr. Hyde." Ob qho haujlwm no tau ua dua cov yeeb yaj kiab, suav nrog nyob rau tiam 21. Yuav luag txhua tus ntawm Stevenson cov lus, novellas, thiab cov dab neeg tau lub ntsiab lus txaus nyiam thiab tus tshaj lij, cov cim nco txog.
Stevenson tus menyuam yaus thiab me nyuam hluas
Robert Stevenson tau yug rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1850 hauv Edinburgh, lub nroog Scottish. Txij li thaum me nyuam yaus, nws raug kev txom nyem los ntawm qee yam mob loj (feem ntau yuav muaj, mob ntsws - nyob rau cov hnub thaum nws nyob, nws tsis tuaj yeem kuaj mob kom raug), vim tias nws tau siv sijhawm ntau teev nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm supine hauv nws lub txaj.
Kev txwv ntawm hom no tau pab tsim Robert txoj kev xav - nws pib tsim cov dab neeg zoo thiab lom zem uas yuav tshwm sim rau nws. Tus tub, ntxiv rau txhua yam, muaj ib tus niam txiv uas tau cob qhia nws txoj kev nyiam ntawm ntaub ntawv, nyeem cov lus dab neeg, kwv huam los ntawm Robert Burns, thiab lwm yam.
Thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum tsib xyoo, Robert Lewis sau nws thawj qhov haujlwm tshaj tawm - cov ntawv sau keeb kwm "The Pentland Uprising." Leej txiv, tom qab nyeem cov ntawv sau no, txiav txim siab los thov tus tub hluas thiab tshaj tawm txoj haujlwm no ua ib phau ntawv cais ntawm nws tus kheej kev siv nyiaj xyoo 1866. Kev ncig, ntawm chav kawm, yog qhov me me - tsuas yog 100 daim ntawv luam xwb.
Stevenson tom qab tsev kawm ntawv thiab ua tshoob nrog Fanny
Stevenson kawm tiav ntawm Txoj Cai Kws Lij Choj thaum xyoo 1875. Tab sis qhov kev kawm no tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau nws - nws xyaum tsis ua haujlwm hauv nws qhov tshwj xeeb.
Nyob rau lub sijhawm thib ob ntawm xya xyoo, tus kws sau ntawv yav tom ntej nyob tsuas yog nyob hauv Fabkis thiab, txawm hais tias nws muaj teebmeem kev noj qab haus huv, taug kev ntau mus rau Tebchaws Europe. Qhov kev xav ntawm cov kev mus ncig no yog pom nyob hauv ob phau ntawv sau txog kev mus ncig - "Kev mus ncig sab hauv" thiab "Mus nrog ib tus nees luav."
Xyoo 1876, hauv Fab Kis lub zos ntawm Greuze, Robert Lewis ntsib tus kws kos duab Asmeskas tus ntxhais Fanny Osborne. Fanny nyob hauv Europe nrog nws cov menyuam sib cais los ntawm nws tus txiv, txawm hais tias nws tsis tau ua ntaub ntawv raug nrauj. Stevenson tau kaum xyoo yau dua nws, tab sis qhov no tsis muaj txoj hauv kev thaiv lawv txoj kev hlub. Thiab thaum Fanny tseem ua ntawv thov yuav sib nrauj los ntawm nws tus txiv qub, tus kws sau ntawv tau thov rau nws. Lawv tau sib yuav hauv San Francisco thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 19, 1880, tom qab ntawd lawv caij nkoj mus rau Great Britain.
Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Stevenson
Stephenson thawj cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev sau ntawv yog zaj dab neeg luv luv "Cov Chaw Laij Teb ntawm Francois Villon". Nws tau luam tawm xyoo 1877. Thiab xyoo tom ntej, Robert Lewis luam tawm nyob rau hauv London phau ntawv sau txog "Suicide Club", uas piav txog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev lom zem ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Florizel thiab nws tus khub muaj siab ntseeg, Colonel Gerardine. Qhov kev sau no tau sov siab txais los ntawm cov neeg thuam.
Xyoo 1883, Stevenson sau nws cov ntawv tshiab zoo tshaj plaws, Island Island. Txhua yam nws tau pib nrog cov dab neeg funny uas Stevenson tsim rau nws cov stepson - Lloyd (Fanny tus menyuam los ntawm nws tus txiv dhau los). Tus kws sau ntawv txawm kos daim duab qhia kev ntawm cov kob tseeb. Tom qab, nws tau pauv mus rau qhov kev hloov pauv hloov tsis zoo rau qhov kev taw qhia. Nws yog qhov nthuav tias thaum xub thawj tus kws sau ntawv xav muab lub npe tshiab "Lub Nkoj Cov Kws Ua Haujlwm", tab sis tom qab ntawd tau txiav txim siab rau lub npe zoo dua - "Cov Khoom Muaj Muaj Nyiaj".
Thawj luam tawm ntawm qhov tshiab no raws li phau ntawv cais tau muag tawm nrog kev nyuaj. Tab sis cov ntawv luam tawm zaum ob thiab thib peb, tau kawg, muaj kev vam meej - kev ua haujlwm muaj cov kiv cua ntau.
Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo 1883 lwm tus Stevenson cov ntawv tshiab "Dub Arrow" tau luam tawm, uas siv rau tus nyeem rau Medieval England, thaum Tsov Rog Roses (ntawd yog, nyob hauv lub sijhawm thib ob ntawm xyoo pua 15th).
Xyoo 1885, pej xeem tau txais lub sijhawm los paub txog ntawm cov dab neeg tshiab "Tub huab tais Otto", uas tus kws sau ntawv tau ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua ntau tshaj kaum xyoo, thiab xyoo 1886 - nrog zaj dab neeg txog Dr. Jekyll thiab Mr. Hyde.
Kws sau ntawv ntawm kab txawv
Hauv qee kis, cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom tus kws sau ntawv hloov pauv huab cua, thiab xyoo 1888, Stevenson, nrog nws tus poj niam thiab cov menyuam tau mus ncig rau qhov chaw txawv. Nws paub tias nws yog thaum lub sijhawm taug kev no tus kws sau ntawv tau ua haujlwm ntawm phau ntawv tshiab The Master of Ballantrae (luam tawm xyoo 1889).
Xyoo 1890, Stevenson hais txog hauv Samoan Islands hauv Dej Hiav Txwv Pacific. Thaum xub thawj, cov neeg hauv zos tau ceev faj txog cov neeg tsis paub, tab sis tsis ntev lawv tau pib mus ntsib tus kws sau ntawv nrog kev zoo siab. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Stevenson tau txawm muab lub npe zoo "thawj tus neeg hais dab neeg." Hauv Samoa, Stevenson tau sau cov ntaub ntawv cov lus nyob nrog Saint Ives thiab Ekaterin, ntxiv rau sau cov lus sib tham yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Island, uas suav nrog ob peb zaj dab neeg.
Cov ntawv tshiab dhau los ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Scottish "Weir Hermiston" (tus sau paub meej tias qhov tshiab no yuav dhau los ua nws qhov kev tsim zoo tshaj plaws hauv feem ntau) tseem nyob, alas, tsis tiav. Stephenson tuag thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 3, 1894 los ntawm kev mob plawv rau ntawm ib qho ntawm ob lub tebchaws loj nyob hauv Western Samoa - ntawm cov kob ntawm Upolu.
