Tus neeg sau keeb kwm tseem ceeb hauv Slavic thiab tus kws tshawb fawb Mikhail Tikhomirov yog lub npe hu rau nws cov haujlwm uas tau txais kev lees paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Cov Neeg Kawm Txuj Ci ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Txuj Ci Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm USSR tau koom nrog kev tshawb fawb ntawm kab lis kev cai ntawm Lavxias hauv X-XIX ib-paus xyoo Nws tau txais qhov Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Lenin, Tus Txheej Txheem Liab Liab ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm. Kev Pab Nyiaj L Lauosate ntawm Lomonosov nqi zog ntawm Moscow State University.
Tikhomirov cov haujlwm tau muab txhais ua ntau yam lus txawv teb chaws. Nws tau koom nrog ntau lub rooj sib tham thoob ntiaj teb, qhuab qhia hauv cov tsev kawm qib siab tshaj plaws, tshaj tawm cov ntawv sau thiab sau ntawv sau.
Kawm sij hawm
Tus kws tshawb fawb nto moo yav tom ntej tau yug lub Tsib Hlis 31 hauv 1893 hauv ib tsev neeg hauv nroog. Nws tus kwv yau Boris kuj tseem yog keeb kwm. Tus tub hluas tau kawm zoo heev thiab tau kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm kev lag luam hauv xyoo 1911 nrog lub ntsej muag kub. Nws tus kws qhia yog yav tom ntej kev kawm Grekov.
Kev kawm txuas ntxiv los ntawm 1917 ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Keeb Kwm ntawm University. Nws tau qhia los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb nto moo Vipper, Bakhrushin, Bogoslovsky. Raws li cov thawj coj ntawm tom kawg, ib qho kev ua haujlwm tau sau txog Pskov qhov kev ntxeev siab ntawm xyoo pua 17th.
Tom qab, rau kev qhia ntxiv thiab kho dua monograph ntawm cov ncauj lus no, tus tub ntxhais kawm yav dhau los tau txais cov npe ntawm kev sib tw ntawm keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb. Tom qab ua tiav nws cov kev tshawb fawb hauv keeb kwm ntawm Tikhomirov, muaj txawm tias kev tswj hwm ntawm tseem tsis tau qhib lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm lub hauv paus hauv zos, Mikhail Nikolayevich ua haujlwm ua tus kws khaws ntawv, qhia kev daj ntseg thiab qhia hauv tsev kawm ntawv.
Nws koom tes nrog chav tuam haujlwm sau ntawv. Txij li xyoo thirties, Tikhomirov pib qhia ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab. Tom qab ua tiav nws cov lus tshaj tawm ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam ntawm Russkaya Pravda, tus kws tshawb fawb tau txais ntawv tshaj lij.
Txij xyoo 1945 txog 1947 nws yog tus thawj saib kev kawm keeb kwm keeb kwm ntawm Tsev Kawm Qib Siab Xeev Moscow. Txawm hais tias nws muaj lub siab kub thiab qhia meej, ob leeg tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov npoj yaig nyiam Tikhomirov. Txij li xyoo 1953, Mikhail Nikolaevich tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub hauv paus haujlwm ntawm kev kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm USSR ntawm keeb kwm chav tuam tsev ntawm tsev kawm ntawv.
Kev tshawb fawb los ntawm haujlwm
Kev tshawb nrhiav kev ua haujlwm ntawm Mikhail Nikolaevich yog mob siab rau kev coj noj coj ua nyob rau xyoo kaum yim thiab cuaj caum. Cov tub ntxhais hluas kev tshawb fawb tau pib nrog kev kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm cov neeg hauv pawg xaiv sijhawm.
Nyob rau hauv nws cov lus sau ntawm Novgorod qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm 1650 thiab kev tshaj tawm thiab kev tawm tsam hauv tebchaws Russia xyoo 11-13th, Tikhomirov tau xaus cov lus hais txog kev tsav tsheb ntawm cov neeg hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm keeb kwm. Cov haujlwm tshiab yog lub nroog hauv nruab nrab. Tus kws tshawb fawb xaus lus tias nrog rau cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm kev txhim kho, cov khoom siv tes ua haujlwm ntawm kev txiav txim siab hauv tsev tau tsim ib txhij nrog cov European.
Cov lus xaus no rov hais tawm lub tswv yim thoob plaws hauv tebchaws Russia rov qab. Tom qab qhov kev tshawb fawb no, cov kev xav tshiab ntawm cov kev xav hauv tebchaws tau tshwm sim. Txij xyoo 1959, Mikhail Nikolaevich tau tshaj tawm Kev Tsim Ua tiav ntawm Lavxias Keeb Kwm.
Nws yog ib tug thawj ntawm cov khoos phis ntawm Keeb Kwm Ntiaj Teb thiab Keeb Kwm ntawm USSR. Nws yog tus tswv cuab ntawm pawg thawj coj saib xyuas "Cov Lus Nug ntawm Keeb Kwm" "Kev Tshawb Fawb Ntawm ໂຊ ວຽດ" thiab cov koob npe "Cov Ntawv Sau Dab Tsi".
Tikhomirov tau koom nrog kev kawm txog kev sau ntawv, kev sib raug zoo nrog Byzantium. Cov hauj lwm ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb tau raug lees paub tias yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb los ntawm nws.
Tom qab muaj nuj nqis ntau ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm Lavxias Tseeb, yav dhau los siv theories hais txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim kho keeb kwm ntawm Ancient Rus tau hloov.
Nws tau raug pov thawj pom tias cov ntawv luam tawm uas tau tshwm sim yog tshwm sim ntawm chav kawm tawm tsam. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm "Spatial Pravda" Mikhail Nikolaevich tau teeb tsa hnub thiab tau tshaj tawm tias qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau qhov pom ntawm lub monument. Nyob rau hauv lub forties, chav kawm "Cov kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm ntawm USSR txij li puag thaum ub mus txog thaum xaus ntawm 18 xyoo pua." Nws suav nrog cov kev tshuaj xyuas kom ntxaws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau lub sijhawm qhia.
Cov haujlwm ntawm cov keeb kwm
Ntau tshaj peb puas ua haujlwm ntawm cov teeb meem no tau dhau los ua kev txhawb nqa kev tsim kho ntawm science. Tikhomirov tau koom rau hauv kev kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm kev daws teeb meem Lavxias yav dhau los, kev kawm txog kev txhim kho kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov neeg ntawm lub tebchaws. Mikhail Nikolaevich tau ua tus thawj coj piav qhia txog cov ntawv tsis tau paub yav dhau los. Nws txhim tsa kev tsim cov ntawv sau cia ntawm cov tsis tshua muaj neeg hauv lub teb chaws cov ntawv xaib.
Cov kws sau keeb kwm luam tawm xyoo 1961 "Cathedral Code ntawm 1649" nrog "Kev Ntsuas Ncaj Ncees", cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias txoj cai lij choj. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau tawm tsam kev ntseeg siab thiab ua haujlwm ntawm Tatishchev. Mikhail Nikolaevich xyoo 1938 cem cov neeg tsim ntawm kev pleev kob "Alexander Nevsky" rau qhov tsis muaj kev hlub teb chaws.
Tom qab nws rov qab los, cov ntawv qub tau raug rov tsim dua tshiab. Tus kws tshawb fawb yuav sau tseg tias kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv Tatars tsis pib hauv Novgorod, tab sis nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Russia. Thaum ua haujlwm ntawm zaj yeeb yaj kiab, kev thuam ntawm tus neeg sau keeb kwm raug coj los txiav txim siab.
Nws tsis yooj yim sua kom muab cov lus teb tsis txaus ntseeg txog keeb kwm ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Lavxias codicology tsis muaj lub txiaj ntsig ntawm Tikhomirov. Ua tsaug rau nws txoj haujlwm kev tshawb fawb, kev qhuab qhia ntawm kev kawm cov ntawv sau tau pib sai sai hauv tebchaws Soviet. Mikhail Nikolaevich tau ua ib tus tswv cuab ntawm National Committee ntawm Soviet Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm txij li xyoo 1953.
Xyoo 1957 nws qhuab qhia ntawm cov tsev qhia txuj ci hauv Paris, koom xyoo 1960 hauv Stockholm Congress ntawm Keeb Kwm Kev Ntseeg. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm txog kev pib keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias keeb kwm keeb kwm. Hauv xyoo 1962, Tikhomirov hauv Hungarian Cov Neeg Sawv Cev Hauv Tebchaws tau npaj cov ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm Hungarian Chronicle.
Mikhail Nikolaevich yog ib tus tswv cuab tag nrho ntawm Tsev Kawm Txuj Ci Kev Tshawb Fawb hauv Tebchaws Poland, yog tus tswv cuab honorary ntawm American keeb kwm Association. Hauv nws lub sijhawm dawb, Tikhomirov tau koom nrog hom dab neeg ntawm txhua hnub paj huam. Nws tshawb ua ke ntawm cov nkauj sib txawv nrog cov nkauj.
Tus kws tshawb fawb tuag rau thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 2, 1965. Txij xyoo 1968, lub npe ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb tau muab coj los ua ib txoj hauv kev ntawm lub peev. Ib daim ntawv nco qab tau teeb tsa nyob rau ntawm keeb kwm kev qhia ntawv ntawm Moscow State University, thiab ib qho ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv nrog lub npe Tikhomirov. Ntawm Kotelnicheskaya embankment, nyob rau hauv lub tsev uas cov tub ceev xwm keeb kwm nyob, muaj ib daim ntawv nco txog.
