Ib tug kws sau paj lug, kws kos duab, tus kws tshaj lij, kev thuam, kev hais lus, tus kws qhia, tus neeg uas xav txog keeb kwm kev coj noj coj ua thiab tus cwj pwm tsis zoo rau keeb kwm tsis tau muab qhia los ntawm Soviet cov thawj coj - Kiriyenko-Voloshin Maximilian.
Biography
Voloshin Maximilian (npe tiag - Kirienko-Voloshin) yug lub Tsib Hlis 16 (28), 1877 hauv Kiev, Ukraine. Tus tub hluas tau Zaporozhye Cossacks nyob hauv nws txiv lub ntshav thiab Germans ntawm nws niam ib sab. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 3 xyoo, Maximilian raug sab laug yam tsis muaj leej txiv, thiab tsev neeg tsiv mus rau Taganrog, tom qab ntawd mus rau Moscow, qhov chaw lawv nyob mus txog 1893, txog thaum nws niam nrhiav thaj av hauv Koktebel, Crimea.
Tus tub tau txais nws txoj kev kawm theem nrab ntawm Feodosia chav ncaws pob (1897). Tom qab ntawd kuv tau mus kawm ntawv nyob hauv University University. Hauv lub xyoo ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb, nws tau koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam thiab tom qab koom nrog All-Lavxias Cov Tub ntxhais kawm kev tawm tsam (Lub Ob Hlis 1900) nws raug tshem tawm. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj kev rau txim hnyav, nws tau mus rau kev tsim kho ntawm txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau, qhov chaw uas nws xav tias zoo nkauj tsis txaus ntseeg nrog kev qub txeeg qub teg, kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Asia, thiab tom qab me ntsis - Western Europe.
Maximilian tau mus xyuas ntau lub tebchaws (Ltalis, Fabkis, Tim Nkij teb chaws, Switzerland, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Austria-Hungary), uas nws tau paub txog cov kab lis kev cai ntawm cov neeg hauv zos. Nws tau txais txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb los ntawm Paris, hauv qhov ntawd nws pom qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub neej sab ntsuj plig. Nws yog nyob rau hauv Paris tias Voloshin nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev hauv lub sijhawm xyoo 1901-1916. Nyob ntawd nws coj cov lus qhia kos duab thiab kos duab.
Nws kuj tau nyob hauv ob qho chaw hais lus Lavxias. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau siv nws lub sijhawm feem ntau nyob hauv "tsev paj huam lub tsev" (hauv Koktebel), qhov chaw uas nws tau caw ntau tus kws sau ntawv, kws ua yeeb yam, kws kos duab thiab kws tshawb fawb.
Raws li tus kws sau ntawv thuam Voloshin ua nws qhov kev tshwm sim xyoo 1899 nrog kev tshuaj xyuas me me uas tsis muaj npe kos npe rau hauv phau ntawv xov xwm Lavxias Thought Thawj kab lus ntev tau tshwm sim thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1900. Hauv tag nrho, Voloshin muaj ntau tshaj 100 kab lus hais txog Lavxias thiab Fab Kis kab lis kev cai, ntaub ntawv thiab kev ua yeeb yam.
Nyob rau xyoo 1914 Voloshin tsis kam sau ntawv rau Tus Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws ntawm Tebchaws Russia tsis kam ua tub rog thiab koom nrog "tua neeg" ntawm Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj.
Ntau tshaj ib zaug Voloshin luam tawm cov lus thuam thuam Verharn. Xyoo 1919, phau ntawv "Verhaarn. Destiny. Creativity. Txhais" tau luam tawm.
Raws li kws sau paj lug, Voloshin pib tsim tawm xyoo 1900. Xyoo 1910 luam tawm phau ntawv Paj Huam. Xyoo 1900-1910”. Kev sau thib ob ntawm kwv huam "Selva oscura" tau sau ua ntej xyoo 1920, tab sis yeej tsis tau luam tawm. Tom qab ntawd, qee cov lus paj huam tau sau nyob hauv phau ntawv "Iverni" (1916). Maximilian ib txwm sau paj huam txog kev ua rog. Hauv lawv, nws ua cov duab thiab cov kev paub ntawm poetic rhetoric. Qee cov lus paj huam nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tau suav nrog xyoo 1919 phau ntawv "Lag Ntseg thiab Dab Ntxwg Nyoog", qee qhov - nyob rau xyoo 1923 hauv phau ntawv "Kwv huam hais txog Ntshai". Ib feem loj ntawm Voloshin tej hauj lwm tseem tsis tau tshaj tawm.
Lub sijhawm xyoo 1914-1926. Voloshin sau ntau yam haujlwm ntawm kev kos duab: “Spain. Los ntawm Hiavtxwv”,“Pink Twilight”,“Lunar Whirlwind”, thiab lwm yam. Nws muaj 8 daim duab tus nqi.
Xyoo 1923, lub xeev tawm siab pib rau Voloshin, vim tias qhov kev tshaj tawm ntawm nws cov haujlwm yog txwv tsis pub dhau xyoo 1928 txog rau 1961.
Voloshin Maximilian tuag thaum xyoo 1932 hauv Koktebel. Nws raug coj mus faus rau ntawm lub roob Kuchuk-Yanishar ze ntawm Koktebel.
Tus kheej lub neej
Thawj zaug Voloshin tau sib yuav hauv 1906 rau tus kws kos duab Margarita Vasilyevna Sabashnikova. Nws yog qhov kev sib raug zoo nyuaj, uas nws tau sau txog ntau dua ib zaug hauv nws txoj haujlwm.
Voloshin tus poj niam thib ob yog Maria Stepanovna Zablotskaya (Lub Peb Hlis 1927). Nrog nws, nws tau ntsib kev nyuaj siab xyoo dhau los ntawm lub xeev. Nws yog Maria Stepanovna uas tau tswj hwm khaws cia nws cov cuab yeej cuab tam muaj tswv yim thiab "Lub Tsev ntawm Paj Huam" nws tus kheej.
