Cov kws sau ntawv thiab cov neeg sau keeb kwm nyiam xav tias cov ntawv sau ntxov tshaj plaws nyob rau tim lyiv teb chaws ze li tsib txhiab xyoo dhau los. Cov kev nco txog txheej txheem txheej thaum ub tau tshawb pom ntev dhau los, tab sis ntev mus cov ntawv yuav tsis txhais tau. Tsuas yog ob puas xyoo dhau los, thawj hieroglyphs uas tau nqis los txog rau cov neeg niaj hnub tau nyeem.
Ntawm lub verge ntawm kev qhib
Kev txhais cov ntsiab lus Iyiv thaum ub thiab muab lawv txhais ua cov lus tshiab tau muab coj los ua qhov nyuaj nyuaj. Yog lawm, yuav ua li cas nyeem cov ntawv zais cia sau hauv cov lus uas tsis tau siv ntev thiab tau dhau los ua cov khoom ntiag tug hauv keeb kwm? Tom qab tag nrho, tsis muaj cov phau ntawv siv cov lus txhais lossis phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm cov lus thaum ub tau muab pov tseg ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb.
Tus kws tshawb fawb Fabkis thiab tus kws hais lus Jean François Champollion muaj peev xwm nthuav qhia cov lus zais ntawm Egyptian hieroglyphs. Nws yog ib tug muaj kev kawm txawj ntse thiab muaj txuj ci tshawb fawb uas hais ntau yam lus qub thiab txheej thaum ub. Txawm hais tias thaum lub hnub nyoog ntxov, Champollion xav tias nws puas tuaj yeem nrhiav qhov tsis txaus ntseeg rau cov paib txawv uas tau tsim ua cov ntawv Egyptian.
Ntawm pov tseg ntawm tus neeg tshawb nrhiav qhov tseeb yog lub pob zeb loj hlais nrog cov tsiaj ntawv sau rau ntawm nws, uas qhov kawg ntawm 18 xyoo pua tau pom los ntawm Fabkis cov tub rog nyob ze ntawm lub nroog Iyiv ntawm Rosetta. Cov pob zeb Rosetta thiaj li dhau los ua qhov kev yeej ntawm Askiv thiab tau coj mus rau London, qhov chaw uas nws coj kev txaus siab ntawm qhov chaw raws li kev nthuav dav hauv British Tsev khaws puav pheej
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, ib daim ntawv theej ntawm pob zeb pob zeb nrog hieroglyphs tau muab xa mus rau lub peev hauv Fabkis.
Yuav ua li cas Egyptian hieroglyphs tau deciphered
Champollion tau pib kawm cov ntawv sau monument thiab pom tias qis dua ntawm cov ntawv sau tau tua ua lus Greek. Muaj lub tswv yim ntawm cov neeg Greek txheej thaum ub, tus kws tshawb fawb tau yooj yim rov ua dua ntu ntawm cov ntawv sau. Hauv cov ntawv Greek, nws yog hais txog tus kav tebchaws Iziv, Ptolemy V, uas tau kav ob puas xyoo ua ntej lub sijhawm tshiab.
Saum toj no cov lus Greek tau muaj cov cim ua hom ntawm hooks, kab, arcs thiab lwm cov cim zoo nkauj. Ntau dua yog cov duab ntawm cov nuj nqis, tib neeg thiab tsiaj txuam nrog khoom siv hauv tsev. Champollion tau xaus rau tias thawj ntu ntawm qhov tsis nkag siab yog tom qab ntawv Iyiv qhov kev foom tsis zoo, thiab ib ntu sab saud yog qhov hieroglyphs uas tau los ua cov ntawv Iyiv thaum ub.
Raws li pib pib rau kev txiav txim siab, tus kws tshawb fawb tau xaiv qhov kev xav tias txhua peb phau ntawv ntawm lub monument qhia tib yam.
Tau ntev, tus kws tshawb fawb tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov cim tsis meej ntawm Egypt kev sau ntawv. Tom qab tshawb nrhiav ntev thiab mob siab, Champollion qhia tias cov neeg Iyiv hauv lub sijhawm puag thaum ub siv cov cim nqa lub nra me, nrog cov tsiaj ntawv. Nws nrhiav cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm cov npe kom raug, uas nws twb paub los ntawm Lus Greek. Cov hauj lwm mus qeeb heev. Los ntawm kev sau ib lo lus tom qab lwm qhov, tus kws tshawb fawb tau kawm maj mam nyeem cov hieroglyphs txheej thaum ub.
Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1822, ob peb lub lis piam tom qab nws qhib, Champollion muab cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm Paris Academy. Tom qab ib ntus, tus kws tshawb fawb tau tswj hwm kom paub cov ntsiab lus ntawm lwm cov ntawv txheej thaum ub hauv tebchaws Iyiv uas muaj nkauj thiab ua khawv koob zoo. Nws yog thaum lub sijhawm xyoo no uas cov kev kawm tshiab tau yug dua - Egyptology.
