Nikolai Nikolaevich Uvarov tau nyob yuav luag tag nrho nws lub neej hauv Riga thiab suav hais tias yog tus kws kos duab Latin. Txawm li cas los xij, nws lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm txuas nrog Lavxias thiab Lavxias kev xav lub siab tsis muaj tsawg dua nrog Latvia. Tikhomirov yog ib tug kws kos duab tshiab uas tau sim ntau tshaj 20 tus qauv hauv kev kos duab thiab txhim kho nws lub tswv yim qub thiab cov qauv kev ua haujlwm.
Thaum yau
Nikolai Nikolaevich Uvarov nyiam hu nws tus kheej ua huab tais: nws cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm txoj kab ntawm nws txiv tau koom nrog tsev neeg qub thawj tswj hwm ntawm Uvarovs. Nws yawg thiab yawg-yawg yog txiv plig ntawm Orthodox Church, thiab nws niam thiab txiv ua haujlwm ua xibfwb ntawm Lavxias: nws txiv ntawm tsev kawm ntawv, nws niam nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Uvarov niam tus txiv yawg - Samsonov Alexander Matveyevich - yog ib tus neeg ua noj ua haus nto moo thoob plaws tebchaws Uzbekistan.
Nikolai Uvarov yug thiab tau siv thawj tsib xyoos ntawm nws lub neej hauv tebchaws Uzbek SSR, hauv nroog Tashkent. Tus kws kos duab tau yug rau lub Kaum Hlis 29, 1941. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1946, thaum tus tub tseem tsis tau muaj tsib xyoos, nws niam tau nrog nws mus rau nws tus niam laus hauv kev ua tsov rog tom qab Riga, thiab Nikolai Uvarov nyob rau ntawd mus ib txhis. Txawm li cas los xij, tag nrho nws lub neej nws raug kos rau nws lub tebchaws, thiab nws tau sim taug kev mus rau Uzbekistan tsawg kawg ib xyoos ib zaug. Los ntawm txoj kev, Uvarov tau kawm paub ua noj nws li pilaf, uas tom qab ntawd ua neeg nyiam ntawm tus kws kos duab cov phooj ywg thiab cov neeg txheeb ze.
Nikolai pib kos duab thaum yau: twb pib thaum hnub nyoog tsib xyoos nws tau kos duab tas luav ntawm cov neeg nyiam Hitler. Hauv pawg neeg sib xyaw ua ke ntawm Lavxias-Latvian, qhov twg tus tub hluas pib mus kawm hauv Riga, nws ib zaug ua cov duab piav qhia txog lus dab neeg Lavxias thiab Masha thiab Xyooj. Cov menyuam yaus thiab tus kws qhia tau zoo siab, thiab tom qab ntawd leej niam ntawm tus kws kos duab tshiab tau sau npe rau nws tus tub nyob hauv daim duab kos duab ntawm Riga Palace of Pioneers. Ib qho loj ntxiv yog tias cov me nyuam tau muab khoom siv - ntawv, xim, thiab easels. Nws nyob ntawm no tias Nikolai Uvarov pib nkag siab txog qhov pib ntawm kev kos duab ntawm kev tshaj lij. Cov chav kawm tau qhia los ntawm tus kws kos duab Latin nto moo Auseklis Matisovich Baushkenieks, uas tau muab nws cov tub ntxhais kawm cov qauv ntawm kev ua yeeb yam classical.
Ob xyoos tom qab, Uvarov pib mus kawm rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv loj thiab kev kos duab ntau dua qub - cov duab kos duab ntawm Lub Tsev Nruab Nrab ntawm Kev Ua Lag Luam ntawm Kev Ua Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam, coj los ntawm Eduard Yurkelis, tus tswv nto moo ntawm dej pleev xim.
Thiab hauv tsev kawm theem nrab # 26, uas Nikolai kawm, nws tau kos txhua yam phooj ywg, tas luav, "npau suav phem" nrog cov hluas nyiam. Tus tub hluas tau kawm zoo, nyeem ntau heev: txhua lub hlis nws niam tau txais qhov ntim tshiab ntawm 50-phau ntawm Great Soviet Encyclopedia, thiab Kolya cia cov ntaub ntawv nkag. Nws tseem nyiam cov ntawv nyeem, keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb.
Kev kawm ntawv thiab cov haujlwm thaum ntxov
Uvarov kawm tiav tsev kawm theem siab xyoo 1958 thiab tau txais haujlwm sai li sai tau: txoj haujlwm kev kos duab uas nws tau txais thaum nws kawm ntawv xyoo dhau los ua tus kws tshaj lij ntawm Riga Porcelain Factory. Ob xyoos tom qab, Nikolai tau tsim kho rau hauv Qib ntawm cov tub rog hauv pawg tub rog, nws tau ua haujlwm hauv Western Belarus, hauv thaj chaw Pinsk. Hauv chav tsev uas Uvarov ua haujlwm, muaj lub tsev qiv ntawv zoo, thiab tus tub hluas rov nyeem txhua phau ntawv uas nws pom muaj nyob hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev pleev xim. Nws tseem txuas ntxiv pleev xim: ob qho tib si "rau nws tus kheej" thiab "rau kev lag luam" - nws tsim qauv sawv, ntawv xov xwm, thiab lwm yam.
Demobilized hauv xyoo 1963, Uvarov txiav txim siab kom tau txais kev kawm qib siab hauv nws txoj haujlwm xaiv ntawm tus kws kos duab, thiab tshwj xeeb, kev ua piv txwv ntawm cov phau ntawv. Nws npau suav ntawm kev ua tub ntxhais kawm hauv Moscow Polygraphic lub koom haum, tab sis nyob rau thawj xyoo nws tsis tuaj yeem twv qhov kev sib tw rau 18 tib neeg rau ib qho chaw, thiab xyoo tom ntej kev sib tw dhau, tab sis hloov nws tus ntxhais ntawm tus kws sau ntawv nto moo tau coj rau qhov chaw no. Thaum lub sij hawm npaj siab thiab ua tiav kev nkag mus kawm tiav, Nikolai ua hauj lwm los ua ib tug neeg tsim khoom siv ntawm ib tus kws tsim qauv duab kos duab. Thiab xyoo 1965 nws nkag mus rau thawj xyoo ntawm Cov Kws Sib Cav ntawm Easel Graphics ntawm Latvian State Academy of Arts. Uvarov nco txog nrog kev sov siab thiab hwm nws cov cob qhia - Alexander Stankevich, tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm kev siv duab; Peteris Upitis, tus tswv ntawm phau ntawv cov duab; pleev xim nrog Leo Svemps - tag nrho cov neeg no tau pab txhawb kev tsim cov cwm pwm thiab kev tshaj lij ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam Nikolai Uvarov. Hauv nws lub sijhawm pub dawb, tus tub ntxhais kawm ua haujlwm ib nrab sijhawm: nws kos duab tshaj tawm, sau cov lus qhuab qhia rau cov chij rau cov Latvian thiab cov nroj tsuag.
Cov tub ntxhais hluas tshwj xeeb
Xyoo 1971, tus kws tshaj lij cov tub ntxhais hluas uas tau txais daim ntawv kawm tiav los ua haujlwm ua tus kws kos duab-kos duab ntawm Bureau of Technical Aesthetics ntawm Riga Electromechanical Cog (REZ P / O "Radiotekhnika"). Thiab tam sim ntawd tau taug kev ua lag luam mus rau Moscow rau International Electrotechnical Exhibition hauv Sokolniki - los kho kom zoo nkauj USSR pavilion.
Thaum tseem nyob ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, Uvarov pib nkag siab txog qhov nqaim thiab qhov txwv ntawm lub tswvyim ntawm "tus kws kos duab Soviet". Nws pom tias qee qhov siv conveyor siv tau ua haujlwm rau kev cob qhia cov kws txawj txua ntxiv, uas yav tom ntej yuav tsum ua kom tiav kev txiav txim raws li cov cai meej thiab cov tseev kom muaj. Qhov no mus kom ze rau kev tha xim tsis haum rau tus neeg muaj tswv yim ntawm Nikolai Uvarov. Vim tias qhov no, nws tau sib cav nrog nws tus thawj coj thiab, tsis xav ua ib tus neeg mloog lus thiab tsis muaj zog "cog", tawm ntawm txoj haujlwm muaj koob npe.
Tus qauv pedagogical
Xyoo 1971, Nikolai Nikolayevich tuaj ua haujlwm ua tus xibfwb qhia ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm theem nrab №37 hauv Riga. Muaj ntau chav rau kom muaj tswv yim, thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas tus kws qhia ntawv maj mam pib tsim qauv txheej txheem ntawm kev qhia menyuam yaus pleev xim. Cov txheej txheem no yog ua raws li kev nthuav dav ntawm qhov kev xav thiab qhov kev xav zoo. Tag nrho cov kev txhim kho no Uvarov siv hauv nws cov kev qhia ntawv txuas ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua yam yuav mus tau zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm no: kev tswj hwm tsis xav kom faib cov chav kawm sib cais rau cov tshooj lus kos duab, thiab Uvarov yuav tsum tau khiav ib ncig ntawm cov plag tsev thiab chaw ua haujlwm nrog cov folders thiab cov khoom siv kawm.
Plaub xyoos tom qab, nws tawm mus rau Jurmala thiab pib ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm # 5. Ntawm no nws tau muab chav nyob, uas nws tsim tsim raws li nws nyiam thiab nyiam, kom hloov rooj ua haujlwm thiab lub rooj cub, khoom siv ntau yam. Raws li qhov ua tau, cov tub ntxhais kawm tuaj yeem hloov kho tus kheej hauv chav tsev tus qauv, kev coj ua los ntawm cov ncauj lus ntawm zaj lus qhia.
Tom qab ua tiav nws txoj haujlwm kev qhia ntawv hauv tsev kawm, Uvarov tau coj mus qhia lwm tus, thiab nws cov kev kawm pib muaj qhov xav tau. Muaj ntau ntawm Uvarov cov tub ntxhais kawm tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov npe kawm qib siab thoob ntiaj teb thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tshaj lij. Tus neeg cob qhia qhia nws pawg ntseeg tsis yog qhov khoom siv tes ua, tab sis lub tswv yim ntawm tus kws kos duab txoj haujlwm, qhia tau hais tias qee qhov kev xav lub tswv yim yuav raug nthuav tawm los ntawm daim duab ntawm ib qho khoom dab tsi dog dig.
Xyoo 1988, Nikolai Uvarov tsim lub koom haum Baltic-Slavic, uas tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau Baltic International Academy. Thiab ntawm no tag nrho nws cov kev tshawb pom kev tsim kho thiab kev tsim tawm tuaj txog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig, tshwj xeeb - ntawm kev txhim kho kev xav thiab kev xav. Txij li thaum 1998, nws txawm qhia cov chav kawm tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ncauj lus no ntawm chav tsim qauv ntawm BRI - Baltic Russian Institute.
Chaw Ua Si Ua Si
Thaum Lub Xya Hli 1977, Uvarov tau txais daim ntawv hu xov xwm los ntawm chaw haujlwm sau ntawv xov xwm tseem ceeb ntawm xov xwm Latvian xov xwm Sovetskaya Molodezh thiab tau raug caw tuaj ua tus thawj coj tus kws kos duab. Tus kws teeb tsa-tus-thawj-ntawv xov xwm Anatoly Kamenev teeb tsa cov haujlwm: qhov pom ntawm txhua qhov teebmeem yuav tsum yog nthuav! Thiab Uvarov pib tshaj tawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov duab qhia rau txhua lub taub hau. Kev ua haujlwm yog qhov mob siab heev, tab sis nws tsim nyog rau nws: cov ntawv xov xwm tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo hauv Central CPSU, thiab tus kws sau ntawv Kamenev tau raug caw kom nce mus rau Moscow. Tus thawj coj tshiab ntawm Uvarov, Andrei Vasilenok, tig mus ua tsis muaj tswv yim thiab tsis zoo ntawm txhua tus nqi.
Thiab ntxiv Uvarov tau raug yuam tawm haujlwm - qhov no tau tshwm sim hauv 1980. Ib txoj haujlwm tshiab tam sim ntawd tig mus, thiab lub sijhawm tshiab pib hauv tus kws sau ntawv keeb kwm, uas nws tau tso dag "kev kho mob": rau yim xyoo Nikolai Nikolayevich ua haujlwm ntawm Riga Medical lub koom haum yog tus kws tshaj lij hauv kev sau ntawv xov xwm thiab tshaj tawm kev tshaj tawm: nws luam tawm cov lus qhia pab, ntawv nthuav qhia, thiab phau ntawv. Xyoo 1988, Uvarov raug lawb tawm ntawm txoj haujlwm no thiab pib koom nrog cov haujlwm muaj tswv yim los ua "tus kws tshaj lij pub dawb".
Tsim
Uvarov ua haujlwm nyob rau ntau hom kev qhia thiab qauv: duab, kos duab, roj, dej pleev xim, cwj mem, xaum, thiab lwm yam. Hom haujlwm ntawm tus kws kos duab kuj muaj ntau yam sib txawv: toj roob hauv pes, ntawm cov uas muaj ntau cov duab ntawm Central Asia, kos duab ntawm nroog architecture thiab xwm, kos duab, cov npe nrov "debelins" raws li ib hom kev ua tas luav ridiculing cov xwm txheej tsis zoo hauv zej zog.
Ib qho kem cais yuav tsum tau hais txog qhov tsim ua haujlwm ntawm Uvarov: cov duab kos qhia txog Akkadian epic "Gilgamesh", uas tom qab ntawd tau tawm los ua ib qho kev cais tshwj xeeb; ua haujlwm ntawm lub voj voog ntawm cov duab qhia rau 38 tshooj ntawm "Phau Qub" (1975); cov duab ua piv txwv rau cov ntawv, piv txwv li, rau cov menyuam yaus phau ntawv "Qhov Phem Txaus Ntshai ntawm Soviet Cov Menyuam yaus" los ntawm Andrei Usachev thiab Eduard Uspensky, thiab ntau ntxiv.
Nikolai Uvarov tus kheej muaj tswv yim nrhiav tau yog tus txheej txheem ntawm nrag duab hauv roj hauv cov ntawv xuab zeb. Ib qho ntawm feem muaj npe ntawm cov duab tha xim yog "Dandelions".
Lwm qhov kev sim thiab cov txheej txheem tshiab ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam yog dej pleev xim nrog tshiab kas fes dub kas fes: hauv xyoo dhau los ntawm nws lub neej, txhua tag kis sawv ntxov Uvarov pib tsis nrog noj tshais, tab sis nrog sau peb cov dej pleev xim li.
Uvarov kos lub tswv yim thiab kev tshoov siab rau nws txoj haujlwm tsis yog los ntawm xwm thiab puag ncig lub neej, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov ntawv nyeem - piv txwv li, los ntawm Rabelais, Ray Bradbury thiab lwm tus kws sau ntawv.
Tus kheej lub neej
Xyoo 1992, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 51, Nikolai Uvarov tau yuav txiv. Nws tus poj niam lub npe hu ua Anna, nws kawm tiav los ntawm Riga Choreographic Tsev Kawm Ntawv, thiab tom qab ntawd los ntawm GITIS muaj npe tom qab Lunacharsky nrog kev paub txog kev ua yeeb yaj kiab. Thiab xyoo 1995, tus kws kos duab 54 xyoos tau muaj ib tug tub. Tus tub hluas ntawd npe hu ua Alexander.
Rau kaum xyoo dhau los ntawm nws lub neej, Nikolai Nikolaevich tau raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov leeg ntshav hauv ob txhais ceg. Sij hawm dhau mus, tus kab mob ntawd yim huab mob heev nws thiaj li tawm tsis tau hauv tsev mus. Tus kws kos duab cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov phooj ywg tau ua cov qhua niaj zaus hauv nws lub tsev. Lub Ib Hlis 20, 2019, Nikolai Uvarov tau tas sim neej. Faus hauv Riga.
