The Nobel Prize yog ib qho khoom plig thib ib hauv zej zog keeb txuj, suav txog qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm tus neeg txhawb nqa txiaj ntsig rau kev txhim kho kev tshawb fawb ntiaj teb. Tib lub sijhawm, muaj ntau cov neeg Lavxias nyob rau hauv cov npe ntawm Nobel laureates.
Tus Nobel nqi zog, muaj npe tom qab nws tus tsim, Alfred Nobel, yog thawj zaug muab tsub rau xyoo 1901. Cov pej xeem ntawm Soviet Union thiab Lav Xias tau txais qhov khoom plig Nobel 16 zaug nyob rau tag nrho lub sijhawm ntawm nws cov tshwm sim. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias qee qhov xwm txheej tau muab nqi zog ib txhij rau ob tus kws tshawb fawb uas tau koom nrog kev ua haujlwm hauv tib lub ncauj lus. Yog li, tus naj npawb ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm USSR thiab Russia uas tau dhau los ua cov neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig yog qhov muaj 21 tus neeg.
Physics nqi zog
Physics yog thaj chaw kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv uas cov neeg Lavxias, los ntawm qhov pom ntawm Pawg Neeg Nobel, yog cov muaj zog tshaj plaws. Ntawm 16 qhov khoom plig tau txais los ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm Lavxias thiab USSR, 7 tau muab tshwj xeeb rau kev tshawb pom hauv kev tshawb fawb hauv kev ua haujlwm hauv physics.
Qhov no tau tshwm sim thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1958, thaum tag nrho pab pawg ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, suav nrog Pavel Cherenkov, Igor Tamm thiab Ilya Frank tau txais ib qho khoom plig rau qhov kev tshawb pom thiab piav qhia txog lub cev ntawm cov nyhuv Cherenkov muaj npe tom qab ib ntawm cov kws tshawb nrhiav. Txij thaum ntawd los, cov pej xeem ntawm USSR thiab Russia tau txais rau ntau qhov khoom plig ntxiv hauv qhov no:
- hauv xyoo 1962 - Lev Landau rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov teeb meem kos duab;
- hauv xyoo 1964 - Alexander Prokhorov thiab Nikolai Basov rau kev kawm txog lub laser-maser txoj cai ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm amplifiers thiab emitters;
- xyoo 1978 - Pyotr Kapitsa rau kev ua tiav hauv daim teb uas tsis tshua muaj lub cev tsis muaj zog;
- hauv xyoo 2000 - Zhores Alferov rau kev tshawb fawb txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob;
- nyob rau xyoo 2003 - Alexey Abrikosov thiab Vitaly Ginzburg, uas tsim qhov kev xav ntawm kev tsim tshwj xeeb ntawm hom ob;
- hauv 2010 - Konstantin Novoselov rau nws txoj haujlwm ntawm kev kawm txog graphene.
Khoom plig rau lwm qhov chaw
Qhov seem cuaj lub tau muab faib rau lwm qhov kev txawj ntse uas tau muab qhov khoom plig Nobel. Yog li, ob qho khoom plig hauv thaj chaw ntawm physiology thiab tshuaj tau txais thaum pib ntawm xyoo pua 20th: nyob rau xyoo 1904, Ivan Pavlov, tus kws sau ntawv hauv kev sim hauv nto moo ntawm kev zom zaub mov, tau lees paub tias yog tus ntxhua khaub ncaws, thiab hauv xyoo 1908 - Ilya Mlechnikov, uas kawm txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Hauv kev lag luam ntawm cov chemical, tsuas yog Nikolai Semenov tswj tau kom tau txais tus nqi zog: hauv 1956 nws tau muab rau kev kawm tshuaj lom neeg. Peb lub khoom plig tau muab rau cov pej xeem ntawm USSR thiab Russia rau lawv qhov kev sau ntawv: xyoo 1958 - Boris Pasternak, xyoo 1965 - Mikhail Sholokhov, xyoo 1970 - Alexander Solzhenitsyn. Tus yeej ntawm tus nqi zog hauv kev lag luam ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm USSR thiab Russia tsuas yog Leonid Kantorovich, uas yog tus tsim txoj kev xav ntawm kev xaiv cov nyiaj tau zoo.
Kev kaj siab lug
Rau qhov tshwj xeeb qhov tseem ceeb uas tseem ceeb rau tag nrho lub ntiaj teb cov neeg zej zog, Nobel Pawg Neeg los muab cov nqi zog sib haum xeeb. Cov pej xeem ntawm USSR thiab Russia tau los ua nws tus tswv ob zaug: thawj zaug qhov no tau tshwm sim xyoo 1975, thaum Andrei Sakharov tau txais txiaj ntsig rau kev tawm tsam tsoomfwv, thiab tom qab ntawd thaum xyoo 1990, thaum Mikhail Gorbachev tau txais khoom plig, uas tau pab txhawb kom muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib raug zoo nruab nrab ntawm lub teb chaws.
