Ob peb lab Swedish kronor, lub meej mom npe, thoob ntiaj teb lub koob meej, txoj cai thiab kev hwm nyob hauv zej zog. Nov yog qhov luv luv luv ntawm daim ntawv tau txais hauv Stockholm lossis Oslo ntawm tus nqi zog tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb - cov nqi zog Nobel. Cov npe ntawm Nobel laureates, suav txij xyoo 1901, suav nrog ntau tus neeg kaum ob tus neeg uas muaj kev ncaj qha lossis tsis ncaj rau Russia / Soviet Union / RF.
Cov Lus Qhia
Kauj ruam 1
Keeb kwm ntawm Nobel nqi zog pib thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19. Xyoo 1896, tus kws tsim txuj ci nto moo Swedish, "caj npab huab tais" Alfred Nobel tuag. Nobel muaj npe nrov feem ntau rau qhov tseeb tias nws tau txais ntau dua 350 patents rau nws qhov kev tsim tawm. Xws li dynamite. Los ntawm txoj kev, ob peb ntawm nws cov lag luam muab khoom riam phom tau nyob rau hauv Russia thiab ua haujlwm rau cov tub rog tsarist.
Kauj ruam 2
Ua ntej nws tuag, Alfred Nobel tau kos ib qho kev siab nyiam, raws li qhov twg ntawm nws txoj hmoov zoo - 31 lab Swedish kronor - yog mus rau kev tsim ntawm cov khoom plig tshwj xeeb. Lawv tuaj yeem raug them nyiaj rau cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev coj noj coj ua uas tau txais txiaj ntsig txhua tus ntawm tib neeg thiab tsis tau tsim los tsim cov riam phom.
Kauj ruam 3
Plaub ntawm lub koom haum saib xyuas kev ncaj ncees tshaj plaws hauv Sweden thiab Norway tau tso cai rau tsim los ntawm Nobel laureates. Hauv lawv cov peev, Stockholm thiab Oslo, qhov khoom plig txhua xyoo ntawm cov Nobel Prize thiab Medal yuav siv qhov chaw. Ntxiv mus, Swedish sab nthuav tawm cov khoom plig rau kev txhawb nqa rau ntiaj teb cov ntaub ntawv, tshuaj thiab physiology, physics, chemistry thiab kev lag luam, thiab Norwegian sab - rau ntxiv dag zog rau kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb hauv ntiaj chaw. Qhov kev tshwm sim thawj zaug tau tshwm sim nyob rau hnub thib tsib ntawm kev tuag ntawm tus tsim ntawm lub peev nyiaj hwm - Kaum Ob Hlis 10, 1901 hauv Stockholm.
Kauj ruam 4
Nws ua tsis muaj neeg Lavxias. Tshwj xeeb, pawg neeg Nobel pom tias nws tsis muaj peev xwm muab tus kws sau ntawv thiab tus neeg xav paub Leo Tolstoy. Physicist thiab chemist Maria Sklodowska-Curie tau los ua thawj tus neeg ntxhua khaub ncaws muaj feem nrog Lavxias ob xyoos tom qab. Nyob thiab ua haujlwm hauv Fabkis, tus poj niam Polish Skłodowska yug hauv Warsaw, uas yog tom qab ntawd yog ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm thaum yau nws muaj nws yog neeg xam xaj, thiab tom qab ntawd nws daim ntawv hla tebchaws.
Kauj ruam 5
Xyoo 1903, Maria tau txais ib qho khoom plig los ntawm Pawg Neeg ntawm Nobel rau "kev ua tiav zoo hauv kev tshawb fawb sib luag ntawm kev tawg hluav taws xob." Thawj Lavxias hauv cov npe honorary, thiab tsis yog los ntawm chaw nyob thiab kev ua neeg xam xaj, tab sis kuj yog los ntawm keeb kwm, yog tus kws tshawb fawb zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg mob Ied Pavlov. Lub cim ntawm nws qhov khoom plig, tau txais ib xyoos tom qab Sklodowska, yog lo lus "Rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub physiology ntawm kev zom."
Kauj Ruam 6
Tsis ntev muaj thawj zaug, tab sis tsis yog zaum kawg, tsis kam nkag mus rau theem ntawm cov kab lis kev cai ua koob tsheej kev ua koob tsheej ntawm Stockholm City Hall. Qhov 1906 tus nqi tsis txaus siab tsis kam, lub sijhawm no nws tus kheej, txawm tias dhau los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam, tus qauv ntawm Lavxias thiab ntiaj teb cov ntawv nyeem Leo Tolstoy. Cov lus ntawm Lev Nikolaevich, yuav luag 80 xyoo thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, tau nqis mus rau hauv keeb kwm: "Nyiaj tsuas tuaj yeem nqa kev phem!" Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tus nqi zog rau cov ntawv nyeem tau muab rau Italian kws sau paj lug Carducci.
Kauj Ruam 7
Tsis muaj ntau ntau "tag nrho" cov pej xeem ntawm Russia thiab USSR hauv cov npe ntawm cov neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm pawg neeg - 20 tus neeg uas tau yeej 16 qhov khoom plig hauv xyoo sib txawv. Los ntawm txoj kev, 20 npaug tsawg dua li Asmeskas. Ntxiv mus, tag nrho peb cov kab ke, tshwj tsis yog Ivan Pavlov thiab xyoo 1906 Nobel laureate hauv physiology thiab tshuaj, biologist thiab immunologist Ilya Mechnikov, tau nkag mus rau nws tom qab qhov kawg ntawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob.
Kauj ruam 8
Cov sawv cev loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg Soviet physicists thiab Lavxias yog kaum ib tus neeg. Hauv kev tshwj xeeb, xyoo 1958 Pavel Cherenkov, Igor Tamm thiab Ilya Frank tau txais qhov khoom plig. Hauv xyoo 1962, Lev Landau tau dhau los ua tus laureate. Ob xyoos tom qab, cov npoj yaig tau txais los ntawm Scandinavia yog Nikolai Basov thiab Alexander Prokhorov. Thiab xyoo 1978, kev kovyeej ntawm Pyotr Kapitsa, pom qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub fluidity ntawm cov kua helium, coj qhov chaw.
Kauj Ruam 9
Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm niaj hnub Lavxias, tus kws kho mob Zhores Alferov (2000), Alexei Abrikosov thiab Vitaly Ginzburg (2003), uas ua kev zoo siab tsuas nws hnub yug 40 xyoo, Konstantin Novoselov (2010), tau hais lus nyob rau theem ntawm lub nroog lub nroog ntawm Swedish lub nroog. Nws paub tias tom kawg tau nrog kev ua koob tsheej los ntawm nws tus kws qhia ntawv thiab tus npoj yaig, ib tug neeg pej xeem ntawm USSR, thiab tam sim no tus neeg Dutchman, Andrei Geim.
Kauj ruam 10
Tus tshiab khiv minted British cov muam kev ua si thiab Novoselov, neeg ntawm Nizhny Tagil thiab Sochi, ntsig txog, tsim graphene - cov khoom uas yog txheej monatomic ntawm cov pa roj carbon. Los ntawm txoj kev, lwm tus physicist Soviet, uas tau txais lub Nobel Peace yam khoom muaj nqis xyoo 1975, tsis yog tus kws tshawb fawb muaj koob npe thoob ntiaj teb, ib tus yog tus tsim cov foob pob hydrogen, tab sis kuj yog tus tawm tsam tib neeg txoj cai kev tawm tsam Andrei Sakharov.
Kauj ruam 11
Cov khoom plig hauv cov ntawv nyeem tau muab rau peb tus kws sau ntawv Soviet - Boris Pasternak, leej twg tsis lees nws hauv 1958 (tom qab hloov mus rau nws tus tub), uas tsis kam, tab sis tom qab ntawd tau txais lwm tus neeg tsis pom zoo, Alexander Solzhenitsyn (1970), ntxiv rau tus kws sau ntawv Quiet Don, Mikhail Sholokhov (1965). Los ntawm txoj kev, tus kws sau keeb kwm Polish tus txiv neej Henryk Sienkiewicz yog pej xeem Lavxias thaum lub sijhawm cov khoom plig hauv xyoo 1905.
Kauj ruam 12
Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kws kho mob chemol Nikolai Semenov (1956), tus kws tshawb fawb nyiaj txiag Leonid Kantorovich (1975) thiab xyoo 1990 Kev Ncaj Ncees Kev Ruaj Ntseg, tsuas yog tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm USSR, Mikhail Gorbachev, tau txais honorary medals thiab ntau lab tus crowns. Lub koob npe zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Scandinavian cov kws tshawb fawb tau muab rau cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm ntau cov neeg Lavxias. Cia lawv txhua tus tawm hauv lub tebchaws kom txog sijhawm, los ua neeg tawg rog.
Kauj ruam 13
Ntawm cov tom kawg, tshwj xeeb, cov kws sau ntawv Ivan Bunin (1933), uas nyob hauv Fabkis tsis muaj kev ua pej xeem, zoo nkaus li, tus kws kho mob microbiologist thiab biochemist Zelman Waxman (1952), tus kws tshawb fawb yawg Simon Kuznets (1971), Vasily Leontiev (1973) thiab Leonid Gurvich (2007), tus ua nom tswv Menachem Pib (1978), kws tshuaj lom neeg Ilya Prigogine (1977) thiab kws sau paj lug Joseph Brodsky (1987).
