Kev sau yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tib neeg kev coj noj coj ua thiab ib hom lus ntawm muaj nyob hauv lus. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sau ntawv yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm noob neej, uas qhov tsim ntawm kab lis kev cai niaj hnub thiab lus ncaj qha.
Cov Lus Qhia
Kauj ruam 1
Hauv lub sijhawm txheej puag thaum ub, noob neej tsis paub sau ntawv, thiab txhua yam khoom siv hauv kab lis kev cai kis tau los ntawm ncauj. Thawj thawj zaug, cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sau ntawv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov kev vam meej thaum ub: qhov piv txwv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm kev sau ntawv yog suav hais tias yog cov ntawv cuneiform ntawm Sumerian-Akkadian civilization, uas tau tshwm sim hauv Mesopotamia thaum pib ntawm xyoo txhiab BC. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov ntawv sau txog cuneiform, cov neeg ntawm Mesopotamia xwm txheej cov duab kos rau ntawm cov av nplaum ntsiav tshuaj, tau txais nrog qee lub ntsiab lus. Hom ntawv sau no tau siv ntau hom lus - Hittite, Akkadian, Sumerian, Persian. Ancient Persian cuneiform thawj zaug tau los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb German thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, raws li cov lus sau ntawm cov lus txiav txim ntawm Achaemenid dynasty.
Kauj ruam 2
Lub cuneiform thawj zaug tau muab tso ua ke los ntawm cov pov thawj hauv Mesopotamian cov tuam tsev. Nrog kev pab ntawm pictograms, cov pov thawj tau khaws cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia sau cia thiab siv cuneiform rau kev lag luam. Maj mam, tus naj npawb ntawm pictograms nce, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cuneiform nthuav dav, thiab cov txheej txheem sau ntawv tau ntau dua. Yog tias thaum xub thawj lub pictograms qhia txog qee yam khoom lossis qee yam tshwm sim, tom qab ntawv tom qab ntawv hauv Mesopotamia tau los ua lus thiab syllabic. Cov pictograms qhia txog cov suab lus, thiab lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv sau hloov pauv los ntawm lawv cov kev sib txuas ua ke sib txawv.
Kauj ruam 3
Lwm tus menyuam txaj ntawm kev sau ntawv hauv ntiaj teb kab lis kev cai yog Ancient Egypt. Cov neeg hieroglyphs Iyiv tau raug txiav txim siab thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 los ntawm Jean François Champollion, uas tau kawm txog lub pob zeb Rosetta pom nyob rau tim lyiv teb nrog cov ntawv sau rau hauv peb yam lus tau txua ntawm nws. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau txheeb txog cov lus Greek thiab cov neeg Iyiv txheej puag thaum ub, uas ua rau thawj zaug hauv keeb kwm ntawm tib neeg los txiav txim siab qhov kev sau ntawv Egyptian hieroglyphic. Egyptologist hais tias cov ntawv Iyiv yog tib lub hnub nyoog li Mesopotamian cuneiform. Ob hom kev sau ntawv txheej thaum ub tau tshwm sim yuav luag tib lub sij hawm pib ntawm IV-III xyoo txhiab BC.
