Hero ntawm Socialist Labour, tus neeg txhawb nqa ntawm ob Lub Xeev Qhov Tseem Ceeb ntawm USSR, tus tuav ntawm ob peb xaj ntawm Lenin, tus kws tshaj lij ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm European cov tsev kawm ntawv, Alexander Erminingeldovich Arbuzov - tus tsim ntawm Kazan Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Organophosphorus Chemists.
Kazan tau muaj yeeb koob los ntawm ntau lub npe. Nrog rau lawv yog lub npe ntawm Alexander Erminingeldovich Arbuzov.
Kawm sij hawm
Lub sijhawm biography ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb nto moo tau pib xyoo 1877 hauv lub zos Arbuzov-Baran. Nws tau yug los rau hauv tsev neeg qhia ntawv lub Cuaj Hlis 12. Ob leeg leej niam thiab leej txiv ntawm tus kws tshuaj tom ntej zoo siab rau kev hwm hauv lub nroog. Tus tub tau txais kev kawm zoo nyob hauv tsev. Nws tus kheej tau kawm nyeem, nws niam tau qhia nws txog kev sau ntawv, muab cov lus zoo nyeem thiab txhais tes tau zoo mus tas nws lub neej. Nws txiv, uas tshaj lij txaus ntawm kev hais lus suav ntawm qhov ncauj, tau koom nrog kev ua lej.
Tom qab xya xyoo, tus menyuam raug xa mus rau lub tsev kawm nyob deb nroog yim xyoo. Xyoo 1886 tus tub hluas tau nkag mus hauv chav npaj ntawm Kazan tus txiv neej txoj kev tawm dag zog. Qhov kev cob qhia tau ua tiav nyob rau xyoo 1896. Hauv tib lub xyoo, thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg, Alexander tau los ua menyuam kawm ntawv hauv Kazan University. Tus kws tshawb fawb yav tom ntej tau nkag mus rau Kev Kawm Ua Ntej Physics thiab Ua lej.
Txog xyoo peb, Arbuzov txiav txim siab txog nws cov haujlwm yav tom ntej. Nws xaiv cov tsiaj ntawv xyoob ntoo. Hauv chav kuaj ntawm tus xibfwb Zaitsev, tus kws sim tshuaj tiv thaiv tau ua tiav thawj txoj haujlwm Los ntawm kev sim tshuaj chemical ntawm Kazan University. Hais txog allylmethylphenylcarbinol los ntawm Alexander Arbuzov. Tsis hais txog ntawm Grignard, tus kws tshaj lij tswv yim tawm tswv yim tawm los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv nws lub npe los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov organomagnesium.
Nws yog thawj tus kws tshawb fawb Lavxias siv cov organomag magnesium sib txuas hauv kev ua haujlwm. Tib lub sijhawm, tus kws tshawb fawb yws yws txog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Kev ua haujlwm tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv ib qho kev mob siab tsis ua rau hauv tus lej molecular phaus ntawm cov khoom tau. Twb nyob rau ntawm qhov hloov ntawm lub xyoo pua, Arbuzov sim ua kom paub cov haujlwm hauv qis kev txo qis kom txo qis qhov kub npau npau. Cov kev sim no tau txwv tsis pub Zaitsev, uas ntshai tsam tawg.
Ua haujlwm los ntawm txoj haujlwm
Thaum lub sijhawm nws kawm, Alexander Erminingeldovich tau paub txog cov iav lag luam kev lag luam. Tus kws tshawb fawb yav tom ntej tsis tau tawm ntawm txoj haujlwm no mus tas nws lub neej. Nws tau thov kev pom nyob rau hauv cov tshuab nqus tsev uas siv cov thev naus laus zis hloov tshiab, cov roj hlawv kom zoo, thiab yuav khoom siv rau dej ntws rov qab. Kws tshuaj hauv tsev tau txais Arbuzov hwj.
Cov paj ntaub ntawm tsom iav, ua tiav zoo thiab rov ua dua siv hauv kev tshawb fawb los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb thiab tus kws tshawb fawb, tau piav qhia hauv daim foos nkag mus tau rau hauv "Cov Lus Qhia Qhia Kom Tau Kev Kawm ywj pheej ntawm Glassblowing Art". Ntau tiam ntawm cov kws sim tshuaj sim pom cov ntawv qhia no los pab tshwj xeeb. Cov hauj lwm khaws nws tus nqi rau hnub no.
Xyoo 1900, thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 30, Arbuzov tau txais lub npe ntawm cov neeg sib tw ntawm natural sciences, tau tshaj tawm thawj-daim ntawv kawm tiav hauv kev sib tham ntawm cov haiv neeg. Alexander Erminingeldovich tau mus rau tebchaws Poland. Nws tau ua haujlwm pabcuam hauv Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Txuj Ci Tshiab ntawm Alexandria.
Tus kws tshawb fawb hluas tau qhia txog kev siv cov txuj ci tam sim no tau ua tiav. Hauv nws lub sijhawm dawb, Arbuzov tau npaj rau tus tswv kev kuaj mob. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau mus dhau lawv hauv 1902 mus rau Kazan. Tom qab taug kev muaj kev vam meej kom tau txais kev kawm tiav qib Master, tsuas yog kev tiv thaiv ntawm kev hais tawm no. Txog kev tshawb nrhiav, Arbuzov xaiv lub ncauj lus, yog ib qho nyuaj heev thiab yuav luag tsis hais lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov organic phosphorus compounds. Vim tias tsis muaj tus thawj saib xyuas, tus kws tshawb fawb tau ua txhua yam haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej.
Kev nco thiab kev ua tiav tshiab
Xyoo 1903, lub ntsiab lus tsis zoo kawm tau ntxiv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb "Ntawm lub tebchaw ntawm tooj liab halide ntsev nrog phosphorous acid esters." Txhua lub hauv paus thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim hais txog lub ncauj lus ntawm kev tshaj tawm scientific tau muab sau ua ke hauv chemist's monograph, luam tawm xyoo 1905. Kev tiv thaiv muaj kev vam meej sai tom qab. Cov tswv lag luam nto moo tau coj nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb "Ntawm tus qauv ntawm phosphorous acid thiab nws cov derivatives."
Fischer-Arbuzov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb. Nws yog siv rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj. Txij xyoo 1911, Alexander Erminingeldovich hloov nws tus kws qhia ntawv Zaitsev ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub luag haujlwm.
Xyoo 1914, tus kws tshawb fawb tau tawm tsam nws cov lus qhuab qhia hais txog kev qhuab qhia "Nyob rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm catalysis hauv qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm qee yam" phosphorus "sib txuas. Tshawb nrhiav kev sim "thiab tom qab ua tiav txhua yam kev mob tau pom zoo nyob hauv tus ncej hauv xyoo 1915.
Nws tau hloov ntau hauv cov haujlwm hauv chav kuaj, nrog rau cov tais diav ua raws li nws tus kheej sketches.
Saib lub ntsab lug
Xyoo 1914, tus kws tshawb fawb tau suav sau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm catalysis, teeb lub hauv paus rau ib ceg neeg tshiab ntawm nws txoj kev tshawb fawb, lub chemistry ntawm organophosphorus sib txuas nrog P-C daim ntawv cog lus.
Xyoo 1945, Kws Kawm Txuj Ci Arbuzov tau los ua Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Cov Thawj Tswj Haujlwm ntawm KFAN, Kazan ceg ntawm All-Union Academy of Sciences. Ua ke nrog nws tus tub, tus kws tshawb fawb tau tsim ib txoj kev xav ntawm ib qho txheej txheem rau kev sau cov khoom xaum yam tsis tas yuav cov tshuaj tsis haum.
Xyoo 1959, tus kws tshaj lij, kawm txog Kazan lub koom haum ntawm Organic Chemistry ntawm ANSSSR, tau tshawb fawb txog kev tsim cov tshuaj tshiab thiab ntau dua tshiab. Nws cov hauj lwm qhia cov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo txaus rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb nto moo ntawm lub tsev kawm Kazan science.
Cov nyhuv myotic ntawm pyrophos nrhiav tau los ntawm nws yog siv nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm glaucoma. Ntau cov hlab ntsha, tsis tuaj yeem hauv kev ua haujlwm hauv chaw kuaj, tau ua raws li cov kab kos ntawm tus xibfwb nws tus kheej. Tus kws tshawb fawb tseem ceeb tau tas sim neej thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 21, 1968. Tus kws pleev tshuaj tau muaj peb tug menyuam. Boris, Irina thiab Yuri tau dhau los ua cov kws paub txog tshuaj lom neeg. Xyoo 1969, ib txoj kev muaj npe tom qab Arbuzov tshwm hauv Kazan.
Qhov tsoo ntawm tus xibfwb tau qhib nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub faadeade ntawm lub tsev tshiab ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Organic thiab Physical Chemistry. Xyoo 1971, muaj tsev laus nyob hauv tsev cia puav pheej-tsev cia puav pheej ntawm qhov kev kawm raug qhib hauv Shkolny Lane. Hauv xyoo 1997, International Arbuz Prize tau teeb tsa. Xyoo 2002, daim ntawv nco qab tau qhib nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv hauv lub nroog thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis.
