Hauv keeb kwm ntawm tsarist Russia, tom qab ntawd USSR thiab Lavxias Lavxias, muaj ntau kis thaum cov kws sau ntawv thiab paj huam tau tsim txom. Ntxiv mus, lawv cov npe nyob mus ib txhis dhau los ntawm lub cim xeeb ntawm tib neeg, txawm hais tias lawv lub peev xwm yog qhov tsis lees paub thiab lawv cov neeg niaj hnub tau nyeem hauv cov ntawv. Ib ntawm cov kws sau ntawv no yog Yuri Osipovich Dombrovsky.
Nws yog qhov nyuaj rau xav txog cov neeg raug ntes thiab tshawb nrhiav ntau yam uas Dombrowski tau ntsib. Peb tuaj yeem hais tias nws tau siv sijhawm ib nrab ntawm nws lub neej hauv tsev loj cuj thiab chaw pw hav zoov, tab sis tsis hloov pauv nws cov kev xav. Nws tawm tsam txoj cai siv los ntawm tsoomfwv Soviet: cov neeg tawm xov xwm hais ib yam, tabsis qhov tseeb nws yog lwm yam. Xws li kev siab phem siab tau ntxub tus kws sau ntawv, uas nws tsis tuaj yeem nyob ntsiag to.
Biography
Yuri Dombrovsky yug xyoo 1909 hauv Moscow. Nws niam nws txiv yog neeg txawj ntse, yog li Yuri tau txais kev kawm zoo. Thaum xub thawj nws tau kawm hauv chav kislas, uas yog qhov chaw ze ntawm Arbat, thiab xyoo 1932 nws tau nkag mus rau Kev Kawm Txuj Ci Siab. Nws kawm tiav los ntawm lawv nrog kev hwm, thiab cov kws qhia ntawv tau sau tseg tias tus tub ntxhais hluas sau ntawv muaj "cwj mem" thiab tsis muaj peev xwm.
Ntxiv rau qhov khoom plig sau, Dombrowski muaj tus nplaig ntse, thiab nws tau qhib nws lub tswv yim. Tej zaum vim qhov no, xyoo 1933 nws tau tsim tsa: lawv cog tus chij uas tsis muaj kab kos hauv nws chav pw, tab sis qhov no tau txaus rau tus kws sau ntawv hluas yuav raug ntes thiab raug ntiab tawm ntawm Moscow. Txawm hais tias nws cov neeg paub tau paub tseeb tias nws nyob deb ntawm kev nom kev tswv thiab yeej tsis tau xav nyob hauv nws. Amas-Ata tau los ua qhov chaw ntawm nws raug ntiab tawm.
Thawj txuas
Yog lawm, Dombrovsky xav sau ntawv, tab sis nyob hauv lub nroog txawv txawv nws tsim nyog yuav tau txais txoj haujlwm thiab nrhiav haujlwm tshiab, yog li kuv yuav tsum ua txhua yam uas hla. Rau qee lub sijhawm nws tswj tau ua haujlwm raws li tus kws sau ntawv xov xwm - qhov no tsawg kawg ze rau kev sau ntawv tus kws tshaj lij txoj haujlwm. Thiab tom qab ntawd cov ntawv sau "tus kws tshawb xyuas khoom qub", "tus kws kos duab", "tus kws qhia" tau tshwm sim hauv nws phau ntawv ua haujlwm.
Ntawm no nws txawm tsim nws tus kheej lub neej: nws tau sib yuav tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm cov ntawv nyeem Klara Fayzulaevna Turumova. Thiab nws xav xav nyob hauv Kazakhstan mus ib txhis, tab sis cov tub ceev xwm rov pib tsim txom tus kws sau ntawv: kev tshawb xyuas pib hauv nws kis, sewn, raws li lawv hais, nrog xov dawb. Rau ob peb lub hlis nws raug tso rau hauv lub chaw soj ntsuam ua ntej mus sib hais, tsis muaj txoj cai sib txuas lus nrog lwm tus. Thiab tom qab ntawd lawv mam li nco dheev cia mus.
Nws yuav zoo li tias tom qab zaum ob koj tuaj yeem nkag siab tias lawv yuav tsis tso nws ib leeg, tab sis hloov ntawm succumbing rau kev ntshai, Dombrovsky piav txog qhov xwm txheej no hauv phau ntawv.
Kev sau ua haujlwm
Lub sijhawm ntawd nws pib koom tes nrog cov ntawv xov xwm "Kazakhstanskaya Pravda", tau tshaj tawm cov dab neeg hauv cov ntawv xov xwm "Literary Kazakhstan". Ntxiv mus, nws siv nws lub npe tiag tiag, uas tsis tau txais lub sijhawm ntawd. Thiab nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd thawj ntu ntawm nws lub npe nrov hauv Derzhavin tau luam tawm, rau qhov uas nws tau rov tso dua tom qab tuav. Ntau heev rau txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev hais lus …
Txawm li cas los xij, kom txog xyoo 1939, tag nrho cov raug ntes thiab raug kaw, yog li yuav hais lus, "tsis muaj tiag." Nws tau hais tias Dombrovsky tsuas yog hem, lawv xav kom ua txhaum nws lub siab nyiam. Yog li no, tom qab raug ntes thiab foob, lawv tau tawm sai sai. Tab sis cov "cog" no tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txog kev pom thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm cov thawj coj, yog li xyoo 1939, tom qab nws raug ntes, nws raug xa mus rau Kolyma cov chaw pw.
Tom qab siv sijhawm plaub xyoos hauv tshav puam, tus kws sau rov qab mus rau Amas-Ata thiab pib qhia. Nws yog qhov xav tsis thoob li cas nws, nrog nws qhov chaw pw hav zoov dhau los, tau mus nyob hauv cov tub ntxhais kawm. Thaj, nyob rau hauv cov xeev, tus cwj pwm ntawm qhov no tsis nyuaj heev. Yog li ntawd, ntxiv rau kev qhia ntawv, nws sau ntawv sau rau cov kev ua yeeb yam hauv zos thiab cov lus qhia ntawm Shakespeare.
Lub sijhawm no, nws mob siab rau kev sau ntawv ua haujlwm: nws sau cov ntawv sau tawm tsam "kev tawm tsam tawm tsam" Ntxhw los rau nws lub pob txha taub hau ", nrog rau kev sau cov dab neeg luv luv" Tus poj niam tsaus ".
Dombrowski siv sijhawm rau xyoo tag nrho ntawm loj, thiab lub sijhawm no, tej zaum, nws sau qee yam, tab sis qhov no tsis paub.
Xyoo 1949, Yuri Osipovich raug ntes dua - zaum plaub. Lub sijhawm no cov lus pov thawj tawm tsam nws tau muab los ntawm tus neeg sau xov xwm ntawm "Komsomolskaya Pravda" Irina Strelkova. Thiab ib zaug ntxiv nws raug xa mus sab qaum teb - mus rau Ozerlag. Qhov no txawm hais tias qhov tseeb los ntawm kev kaw zaum kawg nws tau raug tso tawm ua ntej vim nws txoj kev xiam oob khab. Tej zaum nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd phau ntawv "Cov bitches xav tua kuv" tshwm ntawm tus kws sau ntawv cwj mem.
Lub sijhawm no nws siv sijhawm ntev thiab mob siab rau xyoo nyob rau hauv yeej rog thiab tsuas yog tawm hauv xyoo 1955 xwb. Cov phooj ywg pom tias nws tau dhau los ua neeg nyob ntsiag to thiab txias, zoo li nws nkag siab qhov tseeb, uas nws tsis tau paub ua ntej. Tag nrho nws cov ntawv sau tau raug ntes, Dombrovsky tsis muaj dab tsi tshuav, thiab nws yuav tsum pib siv dua ib zaug ntxiv.
Nws raug tso rov qab mus rau Moscow, thiab muaj qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb rau nws. Muaj ib zaug tsis paub tus neeg tuaj hauv nws lub tsev thiab nqa cov ntawv sau ntawm phau ntawv tshiab "Tus liab los rau Nws pob txha taub hau", txawm hais tias Yuri Osipovich xav tias nws raug hlawv, vim tias tom qab nws raug ntes xws li kev txiav txim tawm. Tab sis, thaj, muaj cov neeg nyob hauv cov qauv hluav taws xob uas nkag siab txog qhov xwm txheej hauv lub tebchaws thiab tau pab raws li lawv muaj peev xwm ua tau.
xyoo kawg ntawm lub neej
Tom qab tawm ntawm Ozerlag, Yuri Osipovich tsis tau qhib siab txog nws txoj kev xav, tab sis nws cov dab neeg, dab neeg thiab kwv huam hais rau lawv tus kheej. Cov tub ceev xwm tsis tuaj yeem ntes nws qhib, tab sis "nqis tes": feem ntau tus kws sau ntawv tsuas raug ntaus hauv txoj kev, hauv tshav puam ntawm lub tsev. Muaj ob peb tug tubsab sib ntaus sib tua nyob sab hauv. Nws tsis hu rau tub ceev xwm, vim tias nws nkag siab tias tsis muaj ib yam hauv qhov no.
Ib ntawm Dombrowski cov ntawv sau nrov tshaj plaws yog Cov kws qhia ntawm Qhov Tsis Tsim Nyog, uas nws tau sau rau yuav luag kaum xyoo. Nws suav hais tias yog ntu thib ob ntawm qhov tsis meej, thawj feem ntawm qhov ntawd yog qhov tshiab "Keeper ntawm Antiquities" txog cov xwm txheej ntawm xyoo 1937 hauv USSR. Zaj dab neeg no tawm hauv Paris, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv Soviet Union censorship yuav tsis muaj qhov tsis dhau nws.
Raws li ib hom ntawv, cov ntawv tshiab no ua rau cov neeg tuag kev tuag. Nws raug ntaus ntxiv, thiab ob hlis tom qab nws tuag hauv tsev kho mob. Dombrovsky thaum ntawd muaj hnub nyoog 78 xyoo. Tus kws sau ntawv raug faus ntawm Kuzminskoye tojntxas hauv Moscow.
