Malevich Ua Haujlwm Los Ntawm Xyoo: Kev Piav Qhia, Duab

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Malevich Ua Haujlwm Los Ntawm Xyoo: Kev Piav Qhia, Duab
Malevich Ua Haujlwm Los Ntawm Xyoo: Kev Piav Qhia, Duab

Video: Malevich Ua Haujlwm Los Ntawm Xyoo: Kev Piav Qhia, Duab

Video: Malevich Ua Haujlwm Los Ntawm Xyoo: Kev Piav Qhia, Duab
Video: Zaj Xyoo 1988 puas khwv tau nyiaj xyoo 2022 | Anban SUS 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Kazimir Severinovich Malevich yog tus kws tshaj lij Lav Xias thiab Soviet avant-garde ntawm Polish keeb kwm, tus kws qhia ntawv, tus kws paub thiab cov theorist kos duab. Nws raug suav hais tias yog tus tsim ntawm ib qho chaw loj tshaj plaws ntawm abstractionism - Suprematism. Nws zoo dua lub npe rau cov pej xeem thoob ntiaj teb uas yog tus tsim ntawm daim duab "Dub Square". Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov haujlwm tau cim los ntawm cov neeg coob ntawm kev kos duab ua haujlwm, ntau yam uas tam sim no nyob hauv kev sau ntawm Lavxias Tsev khaws puav pheej. Cov no suav nrog txog 100 daim duab tha xim thiab ntau tshaj 40 daim duab. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, cov khoom pov thawj no feem ntau npog tag nrho cov kev pom ntawm nws cov dej num muaj tswv yim.

Kazimir Malevich yog cov kws kos duab tshaj plaws hauv avant-garde Lavxias
Kazimir Malevich yog cov kws kos duab tshaj plaws hauv avant-garde Lavxias

Cov Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias niaj hnub no tau dhau los ua qhov kev nyab xeeb rau feem ntau ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam muaj tswv yim ntawm Kazimir Malevich, uas tsis tau muag rau cov khoom ntiag tug. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem paub txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev hloov kho hauv tsev thiab tus kws qhia ntawv, uas yog ob qho tib si rau lub sijhawm thaum ntxov ntawm nws kev ua haujlwm, thiab rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov neeg paub tab thiab tsim avant-garde artist. Ntxiv mus, tus tswv txhuam ntawm lawv tsuas yog cuam tshuam nrog ncab ntawm lub ntiaj teb nto moo tshaj plaws "Dub Square".

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas, raws li lub siab nyiam ntawm Kazimir Severinovich, kev muab lub cev faus rau nws lub cev tom qab nws tuag xyoo 1935 tau nqa tawm hauv Leningrad hauv lub hleb Suprematist uas ua rau cov duab ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig.

Keeb kwm yav dhau los

Kazimir Malevich yug hauv 1879 hauv Kiev. Los ntawm nws cov duab kos, ib qho muaj peev xwm nkag siab zoo txog lub xeev ntawm haiv neeg thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Raws li tus kws kos duab nws tus kheej, nws cov kev ua yeeb yam luam yeeb duab yav dhau los tau npaj hauv 1898 hauv Kursk. Thiab xyoo 1905 nws ua tsis tiav qhov kev xav nkag mus rau hauv Moscow Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kev Ua Yeeb Yaj Duab, Duab Ntxoo thiab Architecture. Lub sijhawm no, nws tus poj niam Kazimira Zgleits nyob nrog nws cov menyuam kom nyob hauv Kursk, thiab tus thawj coj ntawm tsev neeg txiav txim siab tsis rov qab txawm tias tom qab tsis dhau qhov kev xeem, tab sis sim nws txoj hmoo hauv ib daim duab kos duab uas nyob hauv Lefortovo.

Duab
Duab

Nyob hauv ib pab neeg loj, suav nrog 300 tus masters ntawm txhuam, nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm tus kws sau txuj ci Kurdyumov rau rau lub hlis, Malevich sim txuag nyiaj ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab 6 lub hlis ntawm txawm tias lub neej muaj ntsis, nws tau siv tag nrho nws cov nyiaj khaws tseg thiab raug yuam kom rov qab mus rau Kursk. Thiab tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo 1907, Casimir tuaj yeem tsiv mus rau Moscow rau chaw nyob ruaj khov. Lub sijhawm no, nws pib kawm cov chav kawm ntawm tus kws kos duab muaj npe nrov Fyodor Rerberg. Thiab xyoo 1910, nws qib kev txawj ntse tau tso cai rau nws los ua yeeb yam hauv chav tsev ntawm lub koom haum muaj tswv yim "Jack of Diamonds", qhov twg ua haujlwm ntawm Lavxias avant-garde ntxias tau nthuav tawm.

Suprematist muaj pes tsawg leeg

Daim duab pleev xim, pleev xim rau canvas hauv roj thiab hu ua "Supermatic Composition", tau nthuav tawm rau hauv nroog loj rau pej xeem los tshuaj xyuas thaum xyoo 1916, thaum lub npe Malevich twb tau

zoo paub hauv kev voj voog muaj tswv yim. Nws yog qhov nthuav tias xyoo 2008 ntawm lub Sotheby's lub လေလံ nws tau muag los ntawm tus sau cov qub txeeg qub teg ntawm tus nqi 60 plhom Asmeskas las. Txog tam sim no, cov ntaub qhwv no yog qhov tseem kim tshaj plaws los ntawm kev ua lag luam pom, qhov tsim ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam zoo.

Duab
Duab

Keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev tha xim no kuj suav nrog qhov kev tshwm sim zoo li kev nco txog Berlin hauv 1927, qhov chaw nws tau hais los ntawm Malevich nws tus kheej. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tias vim yog qhov ua tsis tau ntawm kev ncua daim ntawv hla tebchaws los ntawm sab Soviet, tus kws kos duab ces cuam tshuam nws txoj kev lag luam muaj tswv yim thiab rov qab mus rau nws lub teb chaws. Kwv yees li 70 daim duab tha xim yuav tsum tau sab laug hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm German kws kes duab vajtse Hugo Hering.

Thiab vim tias tus tswv ntawm cov canvases no tsis raug tso tawm txawv teb chaws, tom qab ib ntus tus neeg saib xyuas lub luag haujlwm tau muab lawv xa mus rau Amsterdam art Museum ntawm cov lus lag luam.

Malevich cov qub txeeg qub teg tom qab tsis tau tso lawv qhov kev cia siab rov qab cov duab no los ntawm kev hais plaub ntug. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua qhov kev sim nyob hauv Soviet lub sijhawm tsis ua tiav. Thiab tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo 2002, thaum lub rooj nthuav txuj ntawm 14 ua haujlwm los ntawm cov khoom dav dav hauv Asmeskas (Tsev khaws puav pheej Guggenheim), yog neeg Amelikas cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam nto moo tau ua kom nws rov qab qee lawv tawm hauv tsev hais plaub. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tsuas yog 5 ntawm tag nrho cov canvases tau rov qab los rau lawv cov tswv tam sim no. Ntxiv mus, lawv qhov kev pom zoo nrog lub tsev cia puav pheej los ntawm Netherlands qhia txog tag nrho kev cais tawm ntawm kev thov ntxiv rau cov tswv cuab ntawm kev sau tag nrho.

Dub square

Malevich cov haujlwm "Dub Square", sau nyob rau xyoo 1915, yog qhov haujlwm tseem nrov tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb uas tawm los ntawm nws hauv qab nws txhuam, thiab yog ib feem ntawm cov ntawv sau thematic rau Suprematism. Tshawb nrhiav kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub teeb ci thiab duab, nws tsim cov nam no mus rau hauv ib qho kev sib tw, uas kuj suav nrog "Black Cross" thiab "Black Circle".

Duab
Duab

Kev tsim cov haujlwm no tau ua sijhawm ua ke kom haum nrog Futurists 'exhibition "0, 10". Ntxiv mus, daim duab tau muab tso zoo li lub cim hauv lub tsev pheeb suab hauv lub zos, hauv qhov chaw hu ua "lub ces kaum liab", txhawm rau kom paub qhov txawv nws hauv txoj kev tshwj xeeb los ntawm tag nrho cov lus qhia. Txog tam sim no, qhov haujlwm ntawm Malevich yog suav hais tias yog qhov tseem mystical thiab creepy hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev pleev xim hauv peb lub teb chaws.

Thiab tag nrho triptych, piav qhia txog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm Suprematist (square, tus ntoo khaub lig thiab lub voj voog), dhau los ua txoj cai tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab ke ntawm Suprematism. Lwm hom ntawm hom avant-garde daim duab no tau tawm ntawm lawv. Cov kws tshawb nrhiav ntawm Malevich txoj haujlwm tsis tu ncua tsis tso lawv cov kev sim siab kom nkag siab txog thawj daim duab. Hauv qhov no, hauv 2015, ntawm fluoroscopy, nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas 2 qhov xim xim ntxiv. Yog li, nyob rau ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov canvas, ib lub cubo-futuristic muaj pes tsawg leeg tau piav qhia, ib qho yooj yim suprematist muaj pes tsawg leeg tau thov rau nws, thiab ib cov duab ntawm lub xwmfab dub tau superimposed rau saum.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub paj ntaub npog cov ntawv sau "Kev Sib Tham ntawm Cov Tsis Pom Kev hauv Lub Tsaus Tsaus", muab zais rau hauv qab txheej txheej xim. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab no, cov kws tshawb nrhiav kos cov qauv sib piv nrog cov duab monochrome los ntawm Alphonse Allais, pleev xim rau xyoo 1882, thiab piav qhia lub npe ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam, qhov chaw ua haujlwm tau raug nthuav tawm ua ntej. Lawv txhais tus naj npawb "10" raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom, thiab coj "0" raws li qhov kawg tshwm sim ntawm txhua yam uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim kev xav ntawm yog.

Peb plaub fab

Cov kev ntsuas ntawm cov square tau yeej ib txwm nyiam cov kws kos duab tiag. Nws txawm tswj tau los sim ntau yam nrog cov duab ntawm "Dub Square", thaum pib tsim ib daim duab peb sab, thiab tom qab ntawd hloov nws mus rau ib lub duab plaub nrog cov duab geometry ntawm cov ces kaum txoj cai. Cov kws tshaj lij xav tias qhov no tsis yog qhov tsis txaus siab ntawm tus sau, tab sis raws li txoj hauv kev los tsim cov qauv zoo tagnrho hauv daim duab, uas yuav tsum sau cov kev zoo thiab kev txav mus los.

Duab
Duab

Ntxiv rau qhov paub zoo "Dub Square" Malevich kuj sau "Red Square" thiab "White Square". Ntxiv mus, thawj zaug ntawm cov haujlwm no, nws kuj tseem nthuav hauv kev nthuav qhia ntawm avant-garde ntxias "0, 10".

Cov Tswv Qhia Loj Tshaj Plaws

Cov haujlwm ua yeeb yam "Mystical Suprematism" tau sau nyob rau lub sijhawm txij xyoo 1920 txog rau 1922. Nws tseem muaj lwm lub npe - "Dub Hla ntawm Liab Liab". Cov canvas yog ua rau canvas nrog cov roj pleev xim.

Duab
Duab

Ntawm Kev Sib Tw Sotheby, daim duab pleev xim no raug nqi txog $ 37,000. Nws txoj hmoo ua tiav qhov keeb kwm ntawm "Suprematist kev tsim kho". Ob qho tib si canvases ib zaug tau pom hauv kev nthuav tawm ntawm Amsterdam Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm daim duab.

Txoj Kev Ntshaw Txij Nkawm. 18 kev tsim kho

Daim duab no tau pleev xim rau xyoo 1915. Thiab hauv 2015, rau 34 lab nyiaj daus las Asmeskas, nws raug muag los ntawm Malevich cov qub txeeg qub teg rau cov khoom ntiag tug ntawm Sotheby's.

Duab
Duab

Suprematist muaj pes tsawg leeg

Daim duab tau pleev xim rau thaum xyoo 1919 thiab 1920. Xyoo 2000, nws cov nqi ntawm kev sib tw Phillips yog $ 17 lab.

Duab
Duab

Keeb kwm ntawm daim duab no tom qab xyoo 1935, thaum cov neeg Nazis uas tau los ua hwj chim hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees tsis pom zoo rau kev kos duab kos duab tsis paub daws teeb meem, cuam tshuam nrog kev nrawm ntawm Atlantic. Tau ntau xyoo, daim duab adorned lub rooj sib tham "Cubism thiab Abstract Art" nyob rau hauv New York Museum of Art. Thiab xyoo 1999, nws dhau mus rau cov txais cov qub txeeg qub teg, nrog rau ntau daim duab ntxiv los ntawm Malevich.

Kev coj tus kheej ntawm tus kws kos duab

Malevich pleev xim nws tus kheej duab ntawm canvas hauv 1910. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, tus kws kos duab muaj peb tus kheej kos duab sau thaum lub sijhawm lub sijhawm tsim kho no. Ob qhov kev ua haujlwm tam sim no raug tso rau ntawm Tretyakov Gallery, thiab qhov thib peb tau muag ntawm Christie's hauv London xyoo 2004 rau £ 162,000.

Duab
Duab

Qhov xav tau zoo, ntawm kev sib tw ntawm Sotheby's xyoo 2015, kev kos duab los ntawm tus kws kos duab muaj npe tau nqis txog $ 9 lab.

Neeg pluag taub hau

Daim duab "Lub Taub Hau ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Liaj Ua Teb" (1911) yog qhov qhia tau zoo heev ua piv txwv rau kev tsim tus qauv dav dav hauv kev txhim kho ntawm Lavxias tus kws kos duab txoj haujlwm.

Duab
Duab

Hauv 2014 nws tau muag ntawm Sotheby's hauv London. Nws tus nqi ces tau nyiaj txog 3.5 lab Asmeskas las. Thiab ua ntej ntawd, keeb kwm ntawm cov ntaub qhwv no tau cuam tshuam nrog kev ua yeeb yam "Donkey Tail" (1912), chav ua yeeb yaj kiab hauv Berlin (1927), cov tswv cuab ntawm Hugo Hering, nws tus poj niam thiab tus ntxhais, nrog rau kev muag khoom rau tus kheej sau xyoo 1975.

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