Moscow Lub Hlawv Tau Pes Tsawg Zaus

Moscow Lub Hlawv Tau Pes Tsawg Zaus
Moscow Lub Hlawv Tau Pes Tsawg Zaus

Video: Moscow Lub Hlawv Tau Pes Tsawg Zaus

Video: Moscow Lub Hlawv Tau Pes Tsawg Zaus
Video: nkauj ntseeg ua caag ntu nuas tsi pum koj tuaj tshawj lawm ntxawm yaj 2024, Tej zaum
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Nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim qhov tseeb pes tsawg ntawm qhov hluav taws kub hauv Moscow, tsuas yog nws nyuaj rau kev tsim lub sijhawm ntawm kev tsim lub nroog. Thaum pib, Moscow muaj ntau qhov kev sib tawm ua ke, uas tau sib koom ua ke los ntawm cov ntoo thiab earthen fortification. Tib lub tsev cov khoom siv yog ntoo, yog li, hauv txhua qhov ntxim nyiam, hluav taws kub tau tshwm sim nyob ntawd ntau zaus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim cov tsev tau rhaub nrog cov qhov cub ntoo.

Tam sim no mus ib txhis
Tam sim no mus ib txhis

Muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais tias ntoo Moscow hlawv tawm tag nrho txhua txhua 20-30 xyoo, thiab hluav taws hauv zos tau tshwm sim yuav luag txhua hnub. Thawj qhov hluav taws kub tseem ceeb hauv cov ntawv txheeb tau hnub rov qab rau 1177. Ryazan Tub Vaj Ntxwv Gleb Vladimirovich tau mus txog lub Tsev Kremlin thiab "ntau Muscovy, lub nroog thiab cov zej zog" - qhov no yog li cas nws tau sau rau hauv cov ntawv sau dab neeg.

Tom qab ntawd, los ntawm 1328 txog 1343, plaub qhov hluav taws kub loj tau tshwm sim, txawm tias qhov tseeb tias hauv 1339 Ivan Kalita rov tsim kho lub tsev ntawm phab ntsa Kremlin los ntawm ntoo qhib, yuav luag ib qho arshin hauv txoj kab uas hla, thiab rau kev tiv thaiv, cov phab ntsa tau coated nrog av nplaum. Hauv 1365, qhov hluav taws kub loj tshaj plaws ntawm Moscow nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tau tshwm sim - "Vsesvyatsky". Txoj kev puas tsuaj loj dua los ntawm lub ntuj qhuav heev uas tsis tau pom dua, uas tsis tau tua lub tua hluav taws: “Tom qab ntawd lub ntuj qhuav heev, thiab cua daj cua dub loj heev, thiab nws tau muaj hluav taws ntau heev thiab kub hnyiab mus txog kaum yards, thiab nws tsis yog ua tau rau nws tua: hauv ib qho chaw, tua nws, thiab ntawm kaum koj yuav taws, thiab koj yuav tsis muaj sijhawm los ntxuav koj lub npe, tab sis txhua qhov hluav taws kub yuav tawg."

Los ntawm 1368 txog 1493 Moscow tau teeb tsa los ntawm thaj tsam ntawm Lithuanian tus huab tais Olgerd, Tokhtamysh, Edigei, Polovtsy. Txhua txhua lub sijhawm tom qab hluav taws kub, Moscow tau tsim rov qab siv los ntawm kos. Thaum kawg, Ivan III txhim tsa cov qauv hauv hydraulic ncig Kremlin thiab txhim tsa tsoomfwv ntawm cov neeg tua hluav taws ntau ntxiv hauv nroog, zoo li txoj cai txwv.

Hauv lub xyoo pua 16th, Moscow hlawv ntau zaus, thiab nyob rau hauv 1547 qhov tawg ntawm rab phom hauv Kremlin arsenals yog qhov ua rau muaj hluav taws. Xyoo 1571, lub nroog tau kub hnyiab los ntawm Crimean Tatars los ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Devlet-Girey - lub nroog tau hlawv tag nrho hauv 3 teev, raws li ntau qhov chaw, los ntawm 120 txog 800 txhiab tus neeg hlawv. Qhov hluav taws kub uas tau rhuav tshem 100-200 tsev neeg tsis suav hais tias yog qhov hluav taws kub hnyav, tsis muaj ntaub ntawv sau tseg. Qhov hluav taws kub ntawm 1712 tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb, uas tsis yog qhov ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj xwb, tsawg dua li ib puas tus neeg tuag thaum ntawd. Qhov hluav taws kub tau rhuav tshem cov hauv paus hauv uas Tsar Tswb tau nrum, vim tias ib lub cav cais tawm ntawm nws mus, thiab lub tswb nrov tseem "lub suab" mus ib txhis. Muaj ib qho version uas qhov hluav taws kub tau tawm los ntawm cov tswm ciab uas poob qis rau teeb tsa rau nws tus txiv ntawm tus poj ntsuam tub rog tus poj ntsuam - los ntawm qhov no los qhia "Moscow hlawv tawm los ntawm lub tswm ciab penny."

Qhov hluav taws kub loj kawg yog hluav taws kub 1812, tom qab ntawd Moscow tau tsim kho dua tshiab hauv daim ntawv zeb, thiab cov hluav taws tau ploj mus ua kev puas tsuaj loj. Cov hluav taws kub ntawm Maly thiab Bolshoi cov neeg ua yeeb yam (1837 thiab 1853) thiab qhov hluav taws kub hauv Presnya hauv xyoo 1905, uas tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv phom loj thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis kev tawm tsam, tuaj yeem suav hais tias qhov hluav taws kub loj.

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